试论清代陕北水利发展的特征及其影响

On the Characteristics and Influence of Water Conservancy in the Qing Dynasty

在明代以前,陕北黄土高原地区向来缺少水利建设。进入清代以后,由于统治者的重视,陕北地区的水利事业获得了长足发展。当地水利发展的一般特征是:灌溉面积小,受季节影响较大。而受人口增长、水稻种植和人们水利观念的转变等因素的影响,陕北地区的水利兴修主要集中在清朝最后的五十年;另外,受地理环境等因素的影响,使陕北地区兴修的水利渠堰主要集中在地表径流丰富的延长、榆林、安塞等县附近,其他地方渠堰很少,甚至根本就无水利可言。陕北地区水利事业的发展,对本地区的社会经济和地理环境产生了一定的影响。

With lack of concerned construction before the Ming Dynasy water conservancy of loess plateau in northern Shaanxi obtained significant development merely in Qing Dynasty owing to the great regards the rulers gave,which featured with relatively small-scaled irrigation and easy harassment from seasons.Water conservancy construction in this region is primarily built in the last 50 years of the Qing Dynasty because of population boom,rice cultivation and local people＇s attitude towards water project;furthermore,the diversion weirs mainly concentrated on areas with rich surface runoff such as Yanchang,Yulin and Ansai etc.with little of even no weirs in the other region.Dramatically-developed water conservancy here exerted a considerable impact on the local economy and geographical environment.