从农事祈报诗论周代祭祀之人文精神与教化意义——以《思文》《丰年》《生民》为讨论中心

Discussing the Spirit of Humanities and the Enlightened Significance about the Sacrificial Ritual in Zhou Dynasty by Ways of the Farming Poems Which Prays and Thanks for Harvest——Focus on Poems "Siwen","Fengnian" and "Shengmin"

早期农业之发展,"靠天吃饭"的成分远甚于今,因而农事诗在《周颂》之中所占比例极高,且多以祈报为主要内容。缘于《周颂》乃天子宗庙祭礼或祭祀山川神祇所用之乐章,且大多属于周武王、成王、康王以及昭王时期之作品,因此最能反映周初制礼作乐之人文精神,且深寓教化意义于其中。文章拣选《周颂》最能代表农事祈报之礼的《思文》与《丰年》为讨论主体,并辅以《生民》一诗以明其详,综合此三篇之内容以探讨周代祭祀之人文精神与教化意义。

The development of the early agriculture,＂depends on nature for a livelihood＂ ingredient far really in now,thus farming poems in ＂Zhousong＂ keeps up extremely high proportion.Most of these farming poems centrally describe in prayers and thanks for harvest.By means of ＂Zhousong＂ poems were used in the ritual about emperor ancestral temple sacrifice or the sacrificial offering to natural god,especially these poems were created during the time of King Wu of Zhou,King Cheng,King Kang and King Zhao,therefore most of them could respond the spirit of humanities and the deep enlightened significance among the beginning of Zhou Dynasty.This article selects ＂Siwen＂ and ＂Fengnian＂ as the core of discussing,and makes ＂Shengmin＂ to give support proof,then synthesizes this three contents to discuss the spirit of humanities and the enlightened significance in Zhou Dynasty sacrificial ritual.