小姐群体特征与艾滋病防治：趋势、挑战及对策

The Characteristics of the CSWs and AIDS Prevention:Trends,Challenges and Strategies

文章主要探究小姐群体的社会文化特征及其最新发展趋势,为地方艾滋病防治工作提供政策建议和对策。研究表明,目前小姐群体呈现一些年龄、族群、类型、婚恋生活等显著特征和趋势,艾滋病防治工作面临新挑战。首先,文化程度、族群成分与艾滋病防治知识的内在关联研究证明,一些特定人群没有或基本上缺失艾滋病防治知识。其次,就从业根源、从业时间、金钱渴求、职业化程度、退出机制以及上升期待而言,一些小姐难有实质性的高危行为改变。再次,小姐的休闲方式和职业特征限制着行为干预的频率和效果。不过,通过考察婚姻状态、居住方式、返乡时间、休闲方式、社会关系网络以及仿婚实践,能够确定优先和重点干预的目标人群,建议推广定点定时干预模式与采用文化敏感性策略。

This thesis explores the social cultural characteristics of the CSWs and the latest development trends relating to these characteristics,so as to provide some suggestions on policies and some countermeasures for local AIDS prevention.The research indicates that,currently,the CSWs exhibit distinct characteristics and trends in aspects of ages,ethnic groups,types and marriages;and that the AIDS prevention faces new challenges.First,the probe into the internal relationship of their degree of education,their ethnic identity and their knowledge of AIDS prevention indicates that,some specific groups of the CSWs lack,or almost know nothing about the information of AIDS prevention.Second,concerning their reasons of choosing the occupation,their length of time employed,their craving for money,their degree of professionalization,the withdrawal mechanism and the ascendant anticipation,it is difficult for some of the CSWs to make substantial changes in their high risk behaviors.Third,their means of entertain themselves and the characteristics of their profession restrict the frequency and the result of behavior intervention.However,through investigations of marital status,residential mode,their time of homecoming,their means of entertainment,their social relationships and the practice of imitative marriage,target populations deserving primary and focused intervention can be identified,also,it is recommended that intervention model at a fixed time and location being extended and cultural sensibility strategies being adopted.