大型矿床和成矿区(带)在混沌边缘

LARGE ORE DEPOSITS AND METALLOGENIC DISTRICTS AT THE EDGE OF CHAOS

笔者将复杂性科学和矿床地质学相结合提出了一种新的金属成矿理论———“金属成矿动力系统的复杂性与自组织临界性”，并应用这一理论研究扬子古陆周缘四大成矿区（带）的矿床成因与成矿规律，发现“大型矿床和成矿区（带）在混沌边缘”。文章在概述“金属成矿动力系统的复杂性与自组织临界性”的理论纲要与噪声、混沌和混沌边缘基本概念的基础上，提出地质成矿系统在混沌边缘的四条判定准则：Ⅰ．自组织临界性的标志———广义地质学（地质学、地球物理学、地球化学）场（温度、流速、浓度、压力等场）的场量之时空幂律分布———及其基本属性：（１）长程时空关联与连通性及时空分形结构；（２）崩塌动力学；（３）“元胞自动机”的动力学机制；（４）自组织临界性涌现于“混沌边缘”，并具有最大的复杂性、演化性和创新性。Ⅱ．地质成矿过程向时间混沌及地质成矿系统向时空混沌的演化。Ⅲ．岩浆和热液“孤子”、“孤波”与“相干结构”以及其它弱混沌“拟序结构”。Ⅳ．超临界地质流体参与地质成矿作用。笔者进一步提出金属成矿动力系统的复杂性与自组织临界性的三大基础理论：（１）地质成矿过程的非线性动力学———应用非线性动力学理论研究矿床和矿集区形成的动力学机制；（２）“地质成矿作用?

Combining the science of complexity with ore geology, th e author put forward a new theory of metallogenesis “Complexity and Self Organized Criticality of Metallogenic Dynamic Systems”, and studied ore genesis and regularity of ore formation of four metallogenic districts around the Yangtze craton with this theory. It was found that “Large ore deposits and metallogenic districts are at the edge of chaos”. After giving a brief account of the outline of the theory of “Complexity and Self Organized Criticality of Metallogenic Dynamic Systems” and the basic concepts of “noise”, “chaos” and “the edge of chaos”, the author advances four determinative criteria of the edge of chaos for geological and ore forming systems. They are: Ⅰ. Evidences for self organized criticality (SOC) power law spatio temporal distribution of field quantities of generalized geological (geological, geophysical, geochemical) fields (temperature, flow velocity, concentration, pressure fields, etc.) and the essential attributes of SOC (1) Long range spatio temporal correlation and connectivity, and spatio temporal fractal structures; (2) dynamics of avalanches; (3) dynamic mechanisms of “cellular automata”; (4) SOC emerges at the edge of chaos, and possesses the maximum complexity, evolvability and creativity or innovation; Ⅱ Evolution of geological and ore forming processes toward temporal chaos, and evolution of geological and ore forming systems toward spatio temporal chaos; Ⅲ Magma and hydrothermal “solitons”, “solitary waves” and “coherent structures” as well as other weakly chaotic “quasi regular structures”; Ⅳ Participation of supercritical geofluids in geological and ore forming processes. The author raises furthermore three fundamental theories for “Complexity and Self Organized Criticality of Metallogenic Dynamic Systems”: (1) Non linear dynamics of geological and ore forming processes application of the theory of non linear dynamics for studying the dynamic mechanisms of the genesis of ore deposits and metallogenic districts; (2) Complexity of the coupled system of “geological and ore forming processes and spatio temporal structures” application of theories of spatio temporal fractality, spatio temporal chaos and weakly chaotic quasi regular structures for studying regularity of spatial distribution and temporal evolution of ore forming systems; (3) Mechanisms of emergence of SOC (edge of chaos) of geological and ore forming systems application of the theory of “transient chaos” for studying the edge of chaos, and application of the determinative criteria for the edge of chaos for studying spatio temporal localization of ore deposits and metallogenic districts. The author expounds the proposition of “Large ore deposits and metallogenic districts at the edge of chaos” by applying the three fundamental theories and combining practical data of ore geology of the four metallogenic districts around the Yangtze craton with the determinative criteria for the edge of chaos. The paper ends in dynamic mechanisms of the formation of large ore deposits and metallogenic districts.