微生物土壤改良剂对烟草生长及耕层环境的影响

Effects of Microbial Soil Conditioner on Tobacco Growth and Topsoil Environment

采用大田栽培,研究了微生物土壤改良剂对烟草生长及耕层环境的影响。结果表明：微生物土壤改良剂处理明显提高了烟草产量和中上等烟比例,其中产量和上等烟比例分别较对照提高12.3%和14.8%,差异达到极显著水平;微生物土壤改良剂能明显改善旺长期土壤耕层的物理性状和生态环境,土壤相对含水量及土壤温度明显增加,0-20 cm耕层土壤容重显著降低;微生物土壤改良剂明显改善烟株各生长阶段的生物学性状,其处理烟株的株高、茎粗及节距在旺长期和圆顶期均显著或极显著高于对照,叶间距分布更趋合理,抗倒伏性增强。第12、13、14和15位叶片的长、宽及面积在团棵期、旺长期和圆顶期均表现为微生物土壤改良剂处理烟株高于对照,差异达到显著或极显著水平;微生物土壤改良剂处理烟株的发病率和发病指数极显著低于对照,其中发病指数较对照降低19.3%。

Effects of microbial soil conditioner on tobacco growth and topsoil environment were studied in field at a critical period of tobacco growth.The results showed that the yield and the proportion of middle and upper quality of tobacco increased significantly by applying the microbial soil conditioner,in which the yield was increased 12.3% and the proportion of upper quality of tobacco was increased 14.8% comparing with the control.The soil physical properties and the ecological environments in 0-20cm topsoil were improved significantly by microbial soil conditioner on the fast-growing period,soil relative water content and soil temperature were increased significantly,soil bulk density was reduced significantly.Quality traits of the various growth stages of tobacco plants were improved significantly by microbial soil conditioner,its plant height and stem diameter and pitch were significantly or very significantly higher than the control on the fast-growing period and dome period,the distribution of its leaf spacing was more reasonable,and the lodging properties of tobacco plants were enhanced.The length and width and size of leaf on the No.12 and 13 and 14 and 15 location by applying microbial soil condi-tione were bigger than the control on the group-trees period and fast-growing period and dome period,and the differences reached significant or highly significant level.The disease incidence and disease index of tobacco plants by applying microbial soil conditioner were lower than the control significantly,its di-sease index was reduced to 19.3% than the control.Microbial soil conditioner can be used as an effective measures to improve the soil ecological environment of tobacco fields and increase the yield and quality of tobacco for long-term succession cropping in the dry slopethe of the sub-humid drought-prone areas.