许昌7种生境大型土壤动物群落组成和结构初探

Study on the Composition and Structure of Soil Macrofaunas in Seven Ecosystems in Xuchang

对许昌7种生境大型土壤动物的组成、垂直结构、多样性和相似性进行了比较研究。全部调查共获得土壤动物538只,隶属于3门7纲11目。从总体讲,优势类群为蚁科和线虫,分别占总捕获量的53.90%和18.03%;常见及较常见类群为鳞翅目、蚯蚓、鞘翅目、马陆、鳞翅目(蛹)、蛴螬、蜘蛛目、鼠妇,分别占总捕获量的9.48%、4.83%、2.79%、2.23%、2.04%、1.86%、1.30%、1.30%;蝉、双尾虫、蜈蚣目、摇蚊(幼)、弹尾虫为稀有类群。土壤动物的个体数量表现为:城市道路绿地(L)>河边人工林地(H)>河边人工灌丛沙地(G)>人工草地(R)>菜地(P)>校园人工林地(X)>废弃荒地(D),与类群数的变化趋势一致,这一差异突出表现为城市道路绿地(L)物种较丰富,而废弃荒地(D)动物群落较贫乏,同时说明人为干扰较小的生境土壤动物的数量和类群数较多。多样性指数则表现为:河边人工灌丛沙地(G)>校园人工林地(X)>河边人工林地(H)>人工草地(R)>废弃荒地(D)>城市道路绿地(L)>菜地(P),与均匀度指数基本相关而与丰富度关系不密切。相似性指数分析结果表明,7种生境下土壤动物的组成具有很高的异质性,其中菜地(P)和废弃荒地(D)的相似性最高,说明其群落组成相同。

Based on the investigation of seven ecosystems in Xuchang.Comparative study was conducted on the composition,vertical structure and community diversity of soil macrofaunas.A total of 538 soil animals were captured and identified in the experiment,which belong to 3 phyla,7 classes and 11 orders.The results showed that Formicidae and Nematode were dominant species,accounting for 53.9% and 18.03% of the total capture,respectively.The common and less common groups were Lepidoptera,Pheretima,Coleoptera,Millipede,Lepidoptera（puap）,Scarabaeoidea,Aranese and Armadillidium,accounting for 9.48%,4.83%,2.79%,2.23%,2.04%,1.86%,1.30% and 1.30%,respectively.The rest five was rare species.The number of soil animals was road green（L）〉river plantation（H）〉shrub artifical river land（G）〉artificial turf（R）〉vegetable field（P）〉campus plantation（X）〉abandoned wasteland（D）,which was same to group numbers.This different illustrared that road green（L） was the richest and abandoned wasteland（D）was the pourest,and ecosystems which had less anthropogenic interference factors had more quantities and groups of soil animals.While the diversity index was shrub artifical river land（G）〉campus plantation（X）〉river plantation（H）〉artificial turf（R）〉abandoned wasteland（D）〉road green（L）〉vegetable field（P）,The significant correlation was found between the values of diversity and the evenness index,but not between diversity and the richness of groups in each fauna.The composition similarities shown that the seven ecosystems were obviously heterogeneous in composition and the values of their similarity coefficients were generally low.Furthermore,vegetable field（P）and abandoned wasteland（D）had the most similar coefficient and their community structure was similar too.