取代空气式尿流率计的研制及临床应用

Design and Clinical Application of Air replacing Type Uroflowmeter

作者试制出一种取代空气式尿流率计,并将其应用于临床。该仪器设计合理,所绘图像清晰,数据准确,可测得International Continence Society要求的各种参数。取代空气式尿流率计由下列部件组成:坐椅、容尿器、气体流量计、压力传感器和电子自动记录仪。其工作原理是,尿排入一密封瓶内,瓶内的空气被尿液取代而排出。排出空气形成的流速和压力与尿的流速和压力成正比关系。压力经压力传感器转变成电信号输至电子自动记录仪上,便能自动地绘出尿的流速曲线、排尿时间、尿流时间、最大尿流率、最大尿流率时间、平均尿流率和排尿量。这些参数是下尿路梗阻尿动力学诊断的重要内容。

An air-replacing type uroflowmeter was designed and used in the clinic. The recording gives clear curves and accurate parameters. The air-replacing type uroflowmeter can measure parameters of uroflometry accurately as required by the International Continence Society. This equipment is composed of a chair, urine graduate, airflow meter, pressure transducer and an electron automatic recorder. Its operative principle is as folows: the air in a closed bottle is pressed out by urine when urine is discharged into the bottle. The volume and flowrate of pressed air are same as those of urine. The flow rate and pressure produced by pressed air are in correspondence with urine flow rate, i.e. there exists a positive correlation between them. The pressure of pressed air is converted into electrosignal, i.e. voltage, through pressure transducer and transmitted to the electron automatic recorder. As the result, the uroflow rate curve can be recorded automatically. All parameters of micturition at one time are calculated, treated and visualized via a computer. In order to investigate the sensitivity and accuracy of this equipment, the relation between the flow rate and rising voltage was measured in 10 randomly elected flow rates. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the increase of flow rate and the enhancement of voltage, i.e. the flow rate increased 0.422±0.03ml/s with the voltage increase of 0.1mV. Furthermore, correlative coefficient was calculated as r = 0. 8973 suggesting significant relationship. With the air-replaced type uroflometer, uroflow profile, voiding time, uroflow time, maximum uroflow rate, time to maximum flow, average flow rate and voiding volume can be measured accurately, so that, micturition function can be evaluated. On the whole, this uroflowmetry is painless and simple for patients, a very important factor in urodynamic diagnosis of lower urinary tract obstruction.