河北省50余年长短历时暴雨时空变化特征

Temporal-spatial Characteristics of Long and Short Duration Storm Rainfall in Hebei Province During Recent 50 Years

利用1956年-2009年河北省境内135个雨量站的长历时3d和短历时3h、6h、24h暴雨的资料,采用实测资料统计年代平均值,绘制年代平均等值线图,计算各年代暴雨量笼罩面积,分析其年代暴雨时程和空间分布特征。结果表明:河北省3d平均降雨量随年代变化笼罩面积呈减小趋势;短历时平均降雨量各河流水系随年代的变化趋势不同,3h、6h降雨量滦河、河北沿海呈衰减态势,永定河、大清河两流域无明显衰减,子牙河、南运河两流域略有回升。24h平均降雨量北三河衰减幅度最大,为41%,滦河、河北沿海、大清河次之,为30%;永定河衰减13%;子牙河、南运河两水系略有回升。3d平均降雨量除南运河水系略有回升外,其他水系均有不同程度的衰减。

By using the 3-days long storm rainfall data and 3h,6h,24h short storm rainfall data of 135 precipitation stations during year 1956 to 2009 in Hebei province,statistics of decade average was compiled,contour map of decade average was ploted,storm rainfall cover area of each decade was calculated,finally the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of decade storm rainfall was analysed.The results show that the coverage area of mean 3-day rainfall in Hebei Province decreases with the development of age.The mean precipitation in short duration of different river system differs in variation trend.The 3h and 6h precipitation in Luan River System and Hebei Coastal System decreases gradually;but it is not obvious in Yongding River System and Daqing River System;and that picks up slightly.The mean 24h rainfall decreases greatly in Beisan River System,up to 41% and that is 30% in Luan River System,Hebei Coastal System and Daqing River System;but in Yongding River System,it decreases 13%.However,The mean 24h rainfall rises a little in Ziya River System and Nanyun River System.The mean 3-day rainfall decreases to a different degree in different river systems,apart from Nanyun River System rising slightly.