论环境侵权精神损害赔偿的归责原则

On the Criterion of Liability of Compensation for Mental Damage Caused by Environmental Torts

《侵权责任法》回应了环境时代法律的"绿化"需求,依据体系解释,该法关于精神损害赔偿的规定亦能适用于环境侵权领域。由于环境侵权适用的无过错责任和举证责任倒置本身是对原告利益的重大倾斜,仅涉及损失分担,并非对加害人的否定性评价,因而,为达到利益平衡,环境侵权精神损害赔偿应适用过错责任原则,同时将违反国家或地方污染物排放标准作为过错的判断依据,且加害人需对其达标排放承担举证责任。

In response to the demand of ＂green law＂ in the environmental era, the provisions on compensation for mental damage in Chinese Tort Liability Act, based on systematic interpretation, also can be used in the field of environmental tort. Due to the application of no-fault liability and shifting of the burden of proof in the environmental tort, which is a significant tilt to the plaintiff interest itself for relating only to the loss sharing instead of a negative assessment of the perpetrator, thus, to achieve the balance of interests, the principle of fault liability should be applied in the compensation for mental damage caused by environmental torts, while the judgments of fault should be based on whether or not in violation of national or local pollutant emission standards and the perpetrator need to take the burden of proof of their compIianee.