理解的公共性与自主性及其难度——私人语言、语言游戏与生活形式的纠葛

The Commonly or Dependent Understanding and Their Difficulty:The Imbroglio of Private Language or Language-game and Forms of Life

无论是对外部事件还是对自我的把握,理解至关紧要。现象主义和心理主义过分强调"内知觉",从而有陷入"唯我论"的危险;现象学讲究"移情"和"亲知",但如果这些都脱离了外部世界,理解也必然是一种空谈和幻想。当胡塞尔最终祭出"主体间性"和"生活世界"的理念时,实际上他已看出"意向性"和"回到事实本身"的艰难,也更加明确了理解的复杂性和相关性。维特根斯坦通过摒弃私人语言和转入日常生活语言研究,用语言游戏和生活形式(forms of life)阐释了这一难度,同时他也在新的立场和维度上解释了理解的有效性。

Understanding is very important in which we hold exterior and ego.They would plunge solipsism because they were very extraordinary emphasized ＇inner-perception＇ in phenomenalism and psychologism.It was insisted on that ＇empathy＇ and ＇self-apperceive＇ in phenomenology,but understanding would turn into prattle-pratlle and illusion if they broke away exterior world.In fact,Husserl knew the difficulty in which ＇intentionality＇ and ＇date back to affairs＇ and found understanding was very complex when he brought forward ＇inter-subject＇ and ＇worlds of life＇.Wittgenstein interpreted the difficulty by his ＇language-game＇and＇forms of life＇in his study that private language was gave up and turned into the study of daily language.At the same time,He interpreted the validity of understanding by a new position and dimensionality.Understanding has relation with our subsistence and reality,our communication and they were realized.So that it would be interpreted what we can understand,whereas it is not so.