低温冰雪灾害后洛阳市常绿树种冻害情况

Status of Frozen Damage of Evergreen Species after Snow and Ice Disaster in Luoyang

2008年1～3月对低温冰雪灾害后洛阳市栽培应用的常绿树种66种(包括变种和栽培品种)进行了冻害情况调查,并于同年5月和2009年5月对受冻害树种的恢复生长情况进行了复查。依据这些树种的冻害和恢复生长情况进行了冻害状况统计分析研究。结果表明:冻害程度为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ级的树种数分别有11、9、20、7和8种(含变种和栽培变种),未受冻害的有11种。分布区为温带或分布区达温带气候区的树种冻害轻,Ⅱ级以下冻害种数占该类型总种数的81.8%。亚热带到热带分布的树种冻害等级较重,Ⅲ级以上冻害种数占该类型总种数的65.9%。区系地理成分与河南省种子植物区系地理成分组成相似;温带性质的树种冻害较轻,无冻害树种大多属于这类,Ⅱ级以下冻害种数占该类型总种数的71.9%。热带性质的树种冻害较重,66.7%的树种冻害级别达Ⅲ级。中国特有种中,温带特有种冻害较轻,Ⅱ级以下级别冻害种数占该类型总种数的63.6%。热带、亚热带特有种冻害较重,Ⅲ级以上冻害种数占该类型总种数的89.5%。合轴型竹类的冻害程度最重;单轴型竹类的冻害程度最轻。并对这些树种的冻害症状进行了初步观察和记载。

From January to March in 2008,an immediate investigation after the snow and ice disaster was made about the damage status of evergreen species,including 66species or varieties and cultivars in Luoyang.The growth status of the evergreen trees was also surveyed in May of the year and May of 2009.Based on the freezing damage and the growth status of the evergreen trees,the damage status was statistically analyzed respectively.The results showed that 11,9,20,7 and 8species（or varieties and cultivars）were found to have been damaged at GradeⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤ,respectively.However,11species were not damaged by the freezing disaster.The species in the temperate distribution area or the distribution area up to the temperate climate were less seriously damaged.The species below or in II amounted to 81.8%of the total.The species that distributed in subtropical to tropical areas suffered more.The species in GradeⅢand above grade Ⅲamounted to 65.9%of this type.The geographical elements of evergreen trees in Luoyang were similar to those of the seed plants in Henan province.The species of temperate elements were damaged less.Most species without frozen damage belonged to this type.The species in GradeⅡand below GradeⅡaccounted for 71.9%of the total.The species of tropical elements suffered more,66.7%of which were up to GradeⅢ.Among the endemic species to China,the temperate endemic species suffered less.GradeⅡand below GradeⅡaccounted for 63.6%of this type.The endemic species to subtropical or tropical suffered more.GradeⅢand aboveⅢaccounted for 89.5%of this type.Of all the bamboos in Luoyang,the species belonging to sympodial rhizome type suffered most while those of monopodial rhizome type suffered least.In addition,apreliminary observation and recording of symptoms of frozen damage from these tree were carried out.