清末兴学筹款事宜——对四川科场经费划归学堂的考察

Raising Funds to Set up New School in Late Qing Dynasty——A Reaserch on the Fund of Imperial Examination Given to New School in Sichuan Province

清末改废科举兴办学堂使中国教育开始向现代转型。经费不足一开始就成为各地兴学的一大困扰。文章通过对科举废除后,科场经费在中央与地方,地方省府厅州县之间的分配,探讨兴学陷入经费困境的原因。除了中古的生产不足于应付现代的教育外,清代中央集权的财政体制,科举制度下国家重视人才的选拔而对育才投入不足的传统等等,都使得清末兴学的筹款困境重重。

The imperial examination system was abolished and new education was established in the background of modern transformation of Chinese education in late Qing dynasty.Lack of fund became the biggest problem at the beginning.This paper analyzes the cause of why lacks funds in the process of establishing new school and shows how the imperial examination divids fund between central authority and local,county and town parts.In addition that the sluggish production in the medieval times can not meet modern education,the centralization finance system in Qing dynasty,the tradition of emphasizing on selecting talented persons and ignoring education in ancient china,made the establishment of new education fall into hard situation.