早产儿视网膜病危险因素分析

Risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity

目的:探讨早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率及危险因素。方法:对孕周<36周、出生体重<2000g的244例早产儿生后4周行眼底检查,根据ROP国际诊断分期法进行诊断分期,分析ROP与孕周、出生体重、窒息、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、感染及贫血等因素的关系。结果:244例早产儿中患有不同程度ROP者49例(其中ROPⅠ期37例、ROPⅡ期10例、ROPⅢ期2例),ROP发生率为20.08%。ROP病儿中住院期间有8例自愈,1例成功进行手术治疗,而大部分病例需出院后继续定期进行眼底检查。孕周、出生体重、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、酸中毒、呼吸暂停、PO2的变化、机械通气及感染与ROP的发生有关。且孕周越短、出生体重越小,ROP发生率越高。结论:早产儿ROP的发生率较高。ROP的发生与孕周、出生体重、吸氧、母亲妊娠并发症、酸中毒、呼吸暂停、PO2变化及感染、机械通气等因素有关。孕周、出生体重、吸氧、呼吸暂停是ROP的独立危险因素。

Objective：To analyze the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity（ROP）.Methods：244 infants with a gestational age （GA） less than 36 weeks or birth weight（BWT） less than 2000g were screened for ROP from four weeks of postnatal age and classified in accordance with the international ROP criteria.The relationship among ROP and GA,BWT,asphyxia,oxygen inhalation,pregnant complications,infection and anemia were analyzed.Results：The incidence of ROP was 20.08%（49/244）. Among the 49 patients,37 were diagnosed with stageⅠ,10 with stage Ⅱ,2 with stage Ⅲ.8 were self-cure during hospital stay,and 1 successfully under went surgent.Most of them were required to have a regular examination of fundus.GA,BWT,oxygen inhalation,pregnant complications,metabolic acidosis,apnea,infection and mechanical ventilation were related to ROP..Conclusion：Logistic regression analysis show that GA,BWT,oxygen inhalation,apnea are associated with ROP