从“浅俗”之否定到多元之阐释——清前中期白居易诗接受的阶段性变化及其要因

From Negation to Multi-interpretation:The Periodical Criticism of Bai Ju-yi's Poems

清前中期对白居易诗的接受由否定到肯定,大致经历了三个阶段:以王士祯为代表的清初评家倡典雅、神韵而斥浅俗,是为白诗接受之低潮期;出于对神韵派的反拨,白诗评价逐渐走高,而至《御选唐宋诗醇》达至顶点,是为白诗接受之高潮期;袁枚、赵翼、翁方纲等清中期评家对白诗予以新的审视,使其诗史地位进一步强化,相关阐释也日趋多元,是为白诗接受之持续期。考察白诗评价一路走高的原因,既缘于对清初诸人极度贬抑白诗之偏颇的反拨,更缘于《御选唐宋诗醇》对白诗地位的钦定及由此形成的主流诗学思潮的影响。同时,也与白诗自身所具有的可供人不断解读的丰富内涵相关,与接受者不断提高的理性态度和鉴别能力相关。质言之,伴随着视野的拓展和认知的深化,清中期的白诗接受形成一道不可忽略的独特景观。

During the mid-Qing Dynasty,the criticism of Bai Ju-yi＇s poetic works went through three periods.Bai＇s poems were gradually endowed with higher value and multiple interpretations.It is partly because of the resistance of the depreciation in the early Qing,and partly because of its position in Imperial Selection of Poetry in Tang and Song and the mainstream poetical thoughts followed.Meanwhile,the inward richness of Bai＇s poems continues to provide interpretation.The criticism of Bai＇s Poems in the mid-Qing is special for its heritage and development.