论司马光对《中庸》“性”与“诚”的诠释:从经学史与道学史的双重脉络考察

The Interpretation of Xing and Cheng in Zhong Yong from Sima Guang:From the History of Confucianism and Daoism

司马光是宋代《中庸》诠释的儒家先行者之一,但其《中庸广义》一书佚失已久,学者鲜能了解到其具体的诠释思想与理论特色。笔者根据卫湜的《礼记集说》中所辑出的若干材料,与司马光《温国文正司马公文集》中的相关材料相结合,从经学史与道学史的双重脉络来具体讨论司马光对《中庸》"性"与"诚"这两个核心概念的诠释。从后来成为主流之道学的学术范式看,司马光对"性"与"诚"的论述都存在着诸多不足之处,但从另一方面看,司马光提出的诸多问题,不论其论"性"还是论"诚",都成为了后来道学的核心语汇。因而,不论是义理上还是经术上,司马光一方面承接着汉唐之旧传统,另一方面虽指向了宋明之新风气,但又尚未达到穷深极微、洞彻心性本体的境界。

Sima Guang is one of the foregoers of Confucian interpreters in the Song Dynasty.His book Zhong Yong Guang Yi was lost long ago,though.It is difficult for the later scholars to understand his ideas carried in this book.This paper is trying to discuss the two core conceptions of Xing and Cheng in Zhong Yong from the angle of Sima by collecting several pieces of material from Wei Shi＇s Li Ji Ji Shuo and combining them with the interrelated pieces from Sima＇s Collections（Wen Ji）.Those questions from Sima,either on xing or cheng,have all become the core vocabularies of later Daoism.Therefore,on one side,Sima inherited the tradition of the Han and Tang dynasties.On the other side,he approaches the new ethos of the Song and Ming dynasties.