驳清代今文经学复兴源于上书房“讲义”说——兼论今文经学在康雍乾三朝的地位

Refutation of the Revival of the New Text Scholarship in the Qing Dynasty Originating in Shangshufang Lectures:The New Text Scholarship's Position during the Reigns of Emperor Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong

关于清代今文经学复兴起因,学界颇有讨论。刘桂生、陈祖武、王俊义诸位先生一致认为与庄存与在上书房的"讲义"密切相关。但揆以史实,并不尽然。从康雍乾三朝君主对胡安国《春秋传》的清算及《春秋》公羊学的抛弃,尤其是《春秋》公羊学立嫡理论与清代秘密立储原则的冲突,清楚地表明庄存与在上书房讲述《春秋》公羊学说并不可信。而乾隆前期官员谢济世与孙嘉淦所注经文著作的毁版遭遇,也说明满清君权对于官员注经的警惕。今文经学在康雍乾三朝尤其是乾隆朝的地位,可谓清代政治与学术关系的典型体现。

There is much argument about the reason of the revival of the New Text Scholarship in the Qing Dynasty.Mr.Liu Gui-sheng,Chen Zu-wu and Wang Jun-yi all deemed that it had a close relationship with Zhuang Cun-yu＇s Shangshufang Lectures.But it isn＇t so much through the facts.According to the criticism to Interpretation on Spring and Autumn Annals written by Hu An-guo and the abandon of the Gongyang study in the Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns,especially the conflicts between the theory of Trueborn Eldest Son offered by Gongyang study and the principal of choosing the heir secretly,it clearly showed it was impossible that Zhuang once taught the Gongyang study at Shangshufang.While the destruction of the books annotated by officials Xie Ji-shi and Sun Jia-gan in the early Qianlong reign indicated that the monarchial power of the Qing Dynasty alerted the annotation of Confucian classics.The position of Confucian classics studies in Kangxi,Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns,especially in the Qianlong reign can be viewed as a typical reflection of the politics-academic relation in the Qing Dynasty.