大连浮尘天气特征与浮尘观测标准研究

Characteristics of Dust Floating Weather in Dalian and New Observation Criteria

基于大连近4a的可吸入颗粒物自动监测和气象资料,研究了浮尘天气中PM10以及能见度、相对湿度、风向风速等气象要素变化特征。结果显示,浮尘影响明显,浮尘发生后PM10质量浓度突然升高,浮尘天气日平均和过程平均PM10浓度均超过300μg·m-3,并且平均持续时间超过16h;相对湿度为13%～97%,能见度自动监测值在1049～9002m之间,北风频率最高,风速在0～12m·s-1之间。经过综合分析,提出沙尘暴下游台站基于可吸入颗粒物自动监测的浮尘天气新观测标准。该标准既可以对远距离飘尘影响区进行科学的定量评价,又与现有标准保持较好的一致性,并可作为预测预报的依据。检验表明效果较好,有较强的实用性,可以修正人工观测漏记或错记情况。

Based on PM-10 and meteorological data during nearly 4 years in Dalian, the temporal distributions of PM-10 and meteorological elements such as visibility, relative humidity, wind direction and wind speed during dust floating processes were studied. The results showed that PM-10 increased abruptly when floating dust came, and the average PM-10 densities in 24 hours and during the processes were over 300 μg·m-3 and the duration exceeded 16 hours; During the dust floating processes, the relative humidity varied from 13% to 97%, and the visibility varied from 1 049 to 9 002 m, and the dominant wind direction was north, and the wind speed varied from 0 to 12 m·s-1. An new observation criteria for floating dust processes was put forward after integrated analysis. The new criteria, on bases of keeping in coherence with the existing criteria, can provide scientific quantitative assessment on remote dust-effected region. The validation of the new observation criteria showed a good result and its execution could avoid the errors of manual observation.