洛阳市蔬菜基地土壤中重金属含量抽样分析及评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content of Vegetable Base Soil in Luoyang City

为了解洛阳市蔬菜基地土壤中重金属污染状况,对郊区白马寺镇蔬菜基地靠近公路、铁路、社区边和远离这些区域的菜地土壤抽样,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了样品中的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr 5种重金属元素含量,并根据国家土壤环境质量二级标准对检测结果进行单因子污染指数和综合污染指数评价。结果表明,土样中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的平均含量分别为37.09、106.09、50.10、0.56、16.13 mg.kg-1。其中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr含量均能达到清洁级,而Cd含量在靠近公路边、铁路边和社区边的抽样中明显高,接近或超出国家土壤环境质量二级标准值,在远离交通和社区的抽样中处于清洁级。由综合评价可知,在所采集的11个土壤样品中,4个样处于安全级水平,5个样处于警戒级水平,2个样处于轻度污染状态。可见,交通运输和社区生活是引起土壤重金属污染的重要因素。

In order to understand the pollution status of heavy metals in the vegetable base soil in Luoyang city, the sampling of soil was done in the vegetable base soils near the road, rail, community and far from these areas in Luoyang outskirts. The content of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr in the soil samples was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. According to the grade Ⅱ criterion of soil environment quality standard （GB 15618 - 1995） , the classification and the assessment of the single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index were done to the detection result. The result showed that the average content of heavy metals in the soil was as follows： Cu 37.09mg·kg^-1 , Zn 106.09 mg·kg^-1 , Pb 50. 10 mg·kg^-1 , Cd 0.56 mg·kg^-1 , Cr 16. 13 mg·kg^-1. Cu, Zn, Pb and Cr no pollution of them was found in the soils, content of Cd in the samples near the road and the rail and community were apparent high, close to or exceed the environmental quality secondary criterions. And others are at clean levels far from traffic and community. Followed by the degree of pollutioin for four of them are in the condition of safety and five are in the boundary of danger and the rest two are slightly polluted in the eleven soil samples. It conculdes transport and communal life is an important factor of heavy metal pollution in soil.