小麦空间环境与^(60)Co-γ辐射诱变效应的比较研究

Comparative Study on Mutagenic Effects of Space Environment and ^(60)Co-γ Ray Irradiation in Wheat

以12份小麦品种(系)为材料,分别经"实践八号"返回式卫星空间环境诱变和200 Gy60Co-γ辐射诱变处理,以未经任何处理的相同材料为对照,研究了以上两种诱变方式对小麦的诱变效应。结果表明:①空间环境诱变对所有参试材料在诱变方向和突变体类型上表现出多样性;60Co-γ辐射诱变则对某些基因型的小麦材料表现出诱变方向上的倾斜。②空间环境诱变对诱变当代植株的生理抑制小于常规剂量的60Co-γ辐射诱变,获得稳定株系所需的世代数低于60Co-γ辐射诱变;就小麦而言,空间环境诱变获得的诱变率低于60Co-γ辐射诱变,但有益突变所占比例相对较高,有利于小麦突变体材料及品种的选育。③能够通过不同材料对60Co-γ辐射诱变的相对敏感性和突变频率来预测空间环境诱变的相对敏感性和突变频率,可选择地面上表现为高敏感的材料做空间环境诱变之用,可能获得较好的诱变效果。本研究结果对于开展小麦航天育种实践工作具有一定的指导意义。

In order to compare the mutagenic difference between space environment and 60Co-γ irradiation,12 accessions of wheat varieties（lines） were treated with space environment by space flight ＇ShiJian No.8＇ and 60Co-γ ray irradiation.Then the first and second generations of treatments were planted and observed on agronomic characters.The results showed：（i）Mutational direction and types in all of materials in space environment treatment were diversified;60Co-γ irradiation could induce a partial mutational direction in some special genotypes.（ii） The physiological damage of space environment was less than that of 60Co-γ irradiation,so it would take less generations to make the progenies stable.Although the mutational frequency of space environment was lower than that of 60Co-γ irradiation,the useful mutation obtained from space environment was relatively more than that from 60Co-γ irradiation,making it easier to obtain ideal wheat mutants or cultivars.（iii）Some materials sensitive to 60Co-γ irradiation could be selected and used for space breeding.The results in the present study could provide useful information for wheat space breeding in the future.