有机质生烃动力学参数研究进展:回顾和展望

Hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters of organic matter:review and outlook

生烃动力学,作为一种动态的研究方法,在研究有机质生烃机制和解决油气勘探实际问题中具有独特的优势,因此得到了极大的发展.由于在不同地质背景下形成的不同或相同类型的有机质,其生烃动力学参数存在明显差异,这动摇了以典型干酪根类型为基础发展起来的传统生烃模式,给实际应用带给困难.所以,必须针对具体盆地特定烃源岩进行生烃动力学实验,求取特定烃源岩的生烃动力学参数,这样才能准确地模拟出盆地的生烃过程.为了逼近地质实际,更加精确地描述有机质生烃动力学参数,应加强对有机质分子结构的研究,探讨温、压共同作用下有机质生烃动力学模型.此外,中国南方海相碳酸盐岩生烃动力学的研究将是今后生烃动力学的重要发展趋势之一.

Hydrocarbon generation kinetics, as a method of dynamic study, has its unique advantage for studying hydrocarbon generation mechanism and resolving practical problems in petroleum exploration; therefore it has a great development. However, the hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters of different or even the same types of organic matter, forming in different geological backgrounds, vary significantly. This challenges the traditional hydrocarbon generation models calibrated by the kinetic parameters of some typical kerogen, and brings difficulties in practical application. Consequently, related kinetic experiments should be specifically carried out for studying the hydrocarbon generation in a sedimentary basin. Only after acquiring the specific parameters for the specific source rock, can its hydrocarbon generation process occurring in the basin be accurately simulated. For being closer to the geological condition and getting more accurate hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters, research of molecular structure of organic matter and influence of pressure on hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters should be highlighted. Moreover, hydrocarbon generation kinetic parameters of marine carbonate rocks in South China will be an important research trend of hydrocarbon generation kinetics.