老年低保人员心理卫生干预效果评价

The evaluation on effectiveness of psychological health intervention in elderly urban residents living on minimum subsistence allowances

目的 评价老年低保人员心理干预措施的效果,以期找到对该人群进行心理干预的方法.方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取徐州市老年低保人员112人为调查对象,并选取112名非低保人员进行1∶1配对.将低保人员分为干预组和对照组,对干预组实施心理干预.干预方法主要有心理健康讲座、心理咨询和心理剧治疗等.使用SCL-90量表进行心理卫生状况调查并评价心理干预效果.结果 SCL-90量表评分显示老年低保人员9个因子分均高于非低保人员,心理卫生状况较差.实施心理干预后,干预组的人际关系敏感[（1.13±0.39）与（1.26±0.26）,t=2.12,P=0.04]、忧郁[（1.23±0.66）与（1.43±0.24）,t=2.08,P=0.04]、焦虑[（1.18±0.50）与（1.38±0.34）,t=2.17,P=0.03]、敌对[（1.24±0.49）与（1.40±0.28）,t=2.03,P=0.04]和其他项目[（1.31±0.56）与（1.49±0.31）,t=2.04,P=0.04]5个因子分及总得分[（115.89±17.21）与（122.64±10.41）,t=2.42,P=0.02]均低于对照组.结论 通过实施社区综合心理干预,老年低保人员心理卫生问题得到一定程度的改善.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of psychological health intervention in the elderly urban residents living on minimum subsistence allowances, and to search for a suitable psychological health intervention strategy. Methods The 112 elderly persons living on minimum subsistence allowances in Xuzhou were selected by stratified cluster sampling, and they were matched with 112 controls. The elderly persons living on minimum subsistence allowances were divided into intervention group and control group. A general intervention based on community involved psychological health and care lecture, psychodrama treatment and psychological consultancy was made on the intervention. The SCL-90 was used to evaluate the psychological health status and effectiveness of psychological health intervention. Results The elderly persons living on minimum subsistence allowances had higher SCL-90 scores compared with other residents, and their psychological health status was serious. After the psychological health intervention, the SCL-90 scores were all lower in intervention group than in control group [ interpersonal relationship sensitiveness： （1.13 ± 0. 39） vs.（1.26±0.26）, t=2.12, P=0.04 gloom： （1.23±0.66） vs. （1.43±0.24）, t=2.08, P=0.04 anxiety： （1. 18±0.50） vs. （1.38±0.34）, t=2.17, P=0.03 hostility： （1.24±0.49） vs. （1.40±0.28）, t=2.03, P=0.04 other factor： （1. 31±0.56） vs. （1.49±0.31）, t=2.04, P=0.04 total score： （115.89± 17.21） vs. （122.64± 10.41）, t=2.42, P=0.02]. Conclusions The psychological health parameters are improved by psychological health intervention.