CT测量儿童正常肾皮质厚度

CT measurement of renal cortex in children

目的通过测量分析儿童正常肾脏CT图像,探讨不同年龄段儿童肾皮质厚度的CT测量值的参考范围,为判断儿童肾脏形态异常提供对照标准。方法连续选取接受腹部CT增强扫描检查的无肾脏疾病、无服用肾脏损害药物史的儿童204名,按年龄分为5组:婴儿期、幼儿期、学龄前期、学龄期、青春期,测量每侧肾脏肾门层面皮质、实质的厚度和肾脏径线长度,并进行统计分析。结果各年龄组肾皮质厚度分别为(0.41±0.09)cm、(0.48±0.09)cm、(0.54±0.12)cm、(0.65±0.13)cm、(0.76±0.18)cm,两两组间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。肾皮质厚度与年龄呈正相关(右侧:r=0.65,左侧:r=0.65,P均<0.05),肾皮质与肾实质厚度之比与年龄相关性最弱(右侧:r=0.19,左侧:r=0.16,P均<0.05)。结论肾皮质厚度随年龄增加,肾皮质与肾实质厚度之比则随年龄变化不明显,可作为监测儿童部分肾脏疾病发展、转归的重要CT解剖依据。

Objective To provide references for diagnosis of abnormal renal morphology, and to establish the range of the normal renal cortex thickness using CT measurement in different age groups, so as to obtain a practicable method for clinical measurement. Methods A total of 204 children without kidney disease and drug-induced kidney injury were examined with CT, and were divided into 0—, 1—, 3—, 7— and 13—16 year-old groups. The renal cortical and parenchymal thickness and renal size were measured on CT images and were analyzed statistically. Results The renal cortex thickness in 5 groups was （0.41±0.09）cm, （0.48±0.09）cm, （0.54±0.12）cm, （0.65±0.13）cm and （0.76±0.18）cm, respectively, and statistical difference was found between each two groups （all P0.05）. The age and renal cortex thickness correlated significantly （right kidney： r=0.65, left kidney： r=0.65, both P0.05）. The ratio of the renal cortex thickness to renal parenchyma thickness had the lowest correlation with age （right kidney： r=0.19, left kidney： r=0.16, both P0.05）. Conclusion Renal cortex thickness of normal kidney increases with age, but the change of the ratio of thickness in renal cortex to renal parenchyma with age is not significant. The research results provide an important CT anatomic basis for diagnosis of child renal diseases.