“黄莺花”与一枝黄花及其同属近缘种的形态比较

Comparative Study on Morphological Characteristics of "Huang-ying-hua",Invasive Alien Weed Solidago canadensis L. and Its Relatives with the Same Genus

形态上与入侵杂草加拿大一枝黄花十分相似的"黄莺花",近来作为鲜切花的配花走俏花卉市场,也引起了社会对其管理的高度关注。本文通过比较市售8个批次的"黄莺花"与35个入侵中国的加拿大一枝黄花种群、原产地的一枝黄花属2个种群以及一枝黄花的叶和花的11个形态学特征,并进行聚类分析。结果表明除第5批"黄莺花"外的7个批次单独聚为一类,第5批次与35个入侵中国的加拿大一枝黄花种群聚为一大类,再结合加拿大的2个种群,而一枝黄花单独为一类。这充分说明"黄莺花"并非一枝黄花,而与入侵我国的加拿大一枝黄花各种群接近。进一步再与巨大一枝黄花和粗糙一枝黄花特征相比较分析,发现"黄莺花"与粗糙一枝黄花聚在一组,并进一步与入侵的加拿大一枝黄花相聚,加拿大1和2的种群更接近巨大一枝黄花,而一枝黄花单独成为一支。无论是加拿大一枝黄花、粗糙一枝黄花还是巨大一枝黄花都属于"加拿大一枝黄花复合种"。由此可以认为市售"黄莺花"属于外来入侵杂草加拿大一枝黄花的复合种。叶片长宽比、离基三出脉距叶基距离、表皮毛数的多少、缘花/盘花比等是"黄莺花"与该属其它类群分类鉴定的重要形态学特征性指标。

＂Huang-ying-hua＂ is a widely-used cut flower in florist currently,but it is similar to the invasive weed Solidago canadensis in morphological characteristics,so it has caused public concerns.Comparative studies on morphological characteristics of eight batches of ＂Huang-ying-hua＂ with 35 invasive populations of S.canadensis in our country,two populations of Solidago L.sampled from Canada and Solidago decurrens were conducted.The cluster analysis showed that seven batches of ＂Huang-ying-hua＂ samples were clustered together except the fifth batch,which was clustered with S.canadensis in one group,＂Huang-ying-hua＂,S.canadensis,and the populations sampled in Canada were clustered into one group while S.decurrens was grouped into sole one.This showed ＂Huang-ying-hua＂ is similar to S.canadensis,not S.decurrens.The further comparative studies on morphological of S.gigantea and S.altissima showed that ＂Huang-ying-hua＂ and S.altissima were together and clustered with invasive populations,and the populations sampled from Canada were more similar to S.gigantea.S.canadensis,S.altissima and S.gigantea all belonged to S.canadensis complex.The length/width ratio of leaves,the length between triplinerved and leaf base,the number of epidermal hair on vein and the ratio of disc florets to ray florets were the important morphological characteristics of ＂Huang-ying-hua＂ and other species in genus of Solidago L.