植入人工耳蜗与配戴助听器儿童的音位对比识别难度分析

Difficulty Analysis of Phoneme Contrast for Children with Cochlear Implant and Children with Hearing Aids

目的探讨植入人工耳蜗与配戴助听器的儿童声母和韵母音位对比识别的异同点和难点,为制定听觉言语康复方案提供依据。方法对23名配戴助听器儿童、17名植入人工耳蜗儿童采用声母和韵母音位对进行音位对比识别评估,应用难度分析法对得分进行分析。结果当人工耳蜗儿童重建听阈与配戴助听器的儿童的助听听阈平均值基本一致时:①87对声母中共有38对音位对难度基本一致,占总数的43.7%;在声母音位对识别难点方面,人工耳蜗儿童共有27对"较难"、12对"很难",配戴助听器的儿童共有28对"较难"、11对"很难";其中,两类儿童卷舌音与非卷舌音声母难度一致性达100%,但两类儿童相同方式不同部位、送气音与不送气音、相同部位不同方式音位的一致性均在40%以下;②92对韵母中两类儿童共有43对音位对难度基本一致,占总数的46.7%;在韵母音位对识别难点方面,人工耳蜗儿童共有21对"较难",两类儿童前鼻音与后鼻音韵母音位对难度的一致性高达66.7%,两类儿童相同结构相同开口音位时的一致性最低,仅达27.8%。结论在声母和韵母音位对比识别方面,植入人工耳蜗的儿童与配戴助听器的儿童的识别难度既有相同点,也有不同点。配戴助听器的儿童声母识别难点主要与"f"有关,而人工耳蜗儿童识别的难点主要与"s"和"t"音相关的音位对有关。两组儿童韵母识别难点多数与鼻韵母有关。

Objective Exploring the character and difference of phoneme contrast（PC） of cochlear implant children（CI） and hearing aid children（HA） to support the rehabilitation plans.Methods Using difficulty analysis to process the score of PC of the two groups of children with hearing cisorders.Results（1） Based on the similar hearing threshold level of the two groups,there are 38 pairs of consonant phoneme contrast（CPC） in almost the same degree of difficulty（43.7%）,among them 27 pairs are ＂harder＂,12 are ＂very difficult＂ for CI.And for the other group,28 pairs are ＂harder＂,11 are ＂very difficult＂.Specifically,there is no difference in the group of retroflex versus unretroflex PC between two groups.But the concordance of other three groups of PC recognition is under 40%.（2） 43pairs of vowel phoneme contrast（VPC） are almost at the same difficulty level（46.7%）,among which,21 pairs are ＂harder＂,13 are ＂very difficult＂ for the cochlear implant children and 15 pairs are ＂harder＂,11 are ＂very difficult＂ for the other group.In detail,the concordance of front nasal and back nasal recognition is the highest,which is up to 66.7%.While the type called ＂the same structure and mouth opening＂ is the lowest（27.8%）.Conclusion There are similarities and differences between the PC score of CI and HA.In terms of Consonant,the syllable related to /f/ is more difficult for HA.But for CI,the syllable related to /s/ and /t/ is more difficult.However,the most difficult subtest of vowel recognition is nasal for both CI and HA.