西方马克思主义关于唯物史观的论争辨析

An Analysis of Western Marxist Debates on Historical Materialism

西方分析派马克思主义以捍卫和补充历史唯物主义作为其核心任务,强调以"微观基础"分析方法补充唯物史观,对马克思历史唯物论的基本概念和原理进行了清晰的解释和严密的论证。但他们对唯物史观的态度并非是一致的,既有持赞成、支持和为之辩护的立场,也有的持怀疑态度,并从理论上进行了抨击,必须予以重视和回应。基于理论上的需求,当代法兰克福学派的代表人物哈贝马斯企图"重建"历史唯物主义来解决西方社会的难题和危机。他用解释学的方法理想地建构现代交往理性,因而是文化主义的,而非真正意义上的科学的历史唯物主义的思想方法。

Western Marxists focus on the defense and supplement of historical materialism,highlighting the analytical approach with ＂microscopic base＂.They have clearly interpreted and strictly expounded the basic concepts and principles of Marxist historical materialism.However,their attitudes toward historical materialism are not consistent.Some argue for it while others doubt and even attack it in theory.It is important to show response to it.Theoretically,Habermas, the contemporary Frankfurt School representative,seeks to ＂reconstruct＂ historical materialism to solve the problems and crises of the Western society.Habermas＇s approach carries a sense of culturalism rather than that of the scientific historical materialism for he ideally constructs modern communication rationality in the hermeneutic way.