商周简册考释——兼谈商周简册的社会意义

Detailed Investigation of the Bamboo Slips of Shang and Zhou Dynasties——Also on the Social Significance of the Bamboo Slips of Shang and Zhou Dynasties

二十多年来,书籍史与出版史界一再宣称战国以前没有简书,而在前辈成果基础上进一步考证的结果表明,殷商与西周有简册。从商卜辞"册"字字义考察其字形,可知"一长一短,两编"为商代册命的专用简册。到汉代,"一长一短,两编"仍旧是策书的专用简册,不用于诏书或其它天子命令。考察西周金文所记册命具体过程,可知册命书于简册无疑。不论西周东周,册命的原件都是简书,不是金文。考古所见金文中册命,其实是受命者自己将册命文书从简册"迻录"到彝器上的。简册是华夏先民的专业传播工具,以高效而价廉之优异品质,长期独步于世。最初,简册与汉字一样主要是治国的工具。维护统一国家,非有简册不可。

Although 20 years of history research of book and publishing industry has repeatedly said that the Bamboo Slips could not be found before the Warring States period,in further research,some factss show that the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty have brochures of Bamboo Slips.From the shapes,forms,and meanings of 'Ce'on the oracle inscriptions of the Shang dynasty,we can see that the 'one long one short,two series'was a special way dedicated to written policy of Shang dynasty.To the Han dynasty,'one long,one short,two series' is still a special written policy which could not be used for the decree or other order by the emperor.No matter the Western Zhou dynasty and the Eastern Zhou dynasty,the original carrier of 'Ce'were the Bamboo Slips,not metal inscriptions.Brochures of Bamboo Slips is the professional communication tools of Chinese ancestors,for its low cost and efficient function.Initially,Brochures of Bamboo Slips and the Han characters are the same as the main tool for governing the country.It is impossible to maintain a unified country without the Brochures of Bamboo Slips.