冠心病健康教育存在的护理问题调查及对策

Problems Existed in Coronary Artery Disease’s Nursing Health Education and its Countermeasures

目的探讨冠心病健康教育存在的护理问题及对策。方法用自制的问卷调查表对41例冠心病患者进行问卷调查,发现冠心病患者存在的护理问题,针对护理问题用知信行理论改变冠心病患者的依从性,进行健康教育:包括专业知识指导、饮食指导、运动指导、心理支持。结果本组患者干预前后对健康知识掌握情况明显改善(P<0.01),干预前后生化指标:血糖、甘油三酯、血压均有不同程度的降低(P<0.01或<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论冠心病健康教育工作者特别是护士通过自己掌握的冠心病相关知识和技能,对冠心病患者及家属进行健康指导,使其建立积极、正确的个人健康信念和态度,改变不良的生活习惯,建立健康的生活方式,从而在一定程度上提高生活质量,降低了发病率和治疗费用。整个干预过程简便科学、投资小、收益大,值得在医院和社区推广。

Objective To investigate the present problems and countermeasures on coronary artery disease（CAD） nursing health education.Methods Self-designed questionnaires were applied to survey 41 patients with CAD and the collected data were analyzed and compared.Aimed at the nursing problems exposed,enhance the patients compliance in the course of health education based on current theory,which include dietary guidance,exercise guidance and psychological support.Results Before and after health education intervention,the health knowledge,behaviors were analyzed comparatively（P0.01）;physiological and biochemical parameters and blood pressure index were reduced（P0.05 or 0.01）;the levels of blood glucose,triglycerides,blood pressure of treated patients became obviously lower than before（all P0.01）;high density lipoprotein cholesterol were remarkably higher than before（P0.05）.Conclusion Given nursing care intervention and health education by the health educators especially nurses,patients with CHD and their families would develop healthy and vigorous determination,conviction and the right approach,which would lead to not only a great drop in the incidence of CAD and therefore cut down the medical expense,but also improve life quantity to a certain extent.Little investment and huge return,the convenient and scientific process of health education intervention should be promoted and popularized in both hospital and the community.