梁启超对功利主义学说的“转化”与“调适”及其原因

"Transformation" and "Adaptation" of the Doctrine of Late Qing Dynasty Utilitarianism:Focused on Liang Qichao's Views on Utilitarianism

清末以来,西方各种思想学说传入中国大多发生了"转变"和"调适"。梁启超的功利观就是一种基于"群己和谐"的功利观,在民族主义、国家主义盛行的清末,梁的功利观中明显强调"集体利益",是一种以群体为本位的功利观,这与西方以个人为本位的功利观不同。梁启超功利观的这种转变和调适的原因,既有其受日本相关学说及西方学者对边沁功利学说修正的影响,又有其受中国传统文化"功利观"的影响。

All kinds of western thoughts had begun to be brought into China since late Qing dynasty. However, those western thoughts had been ＂transformed＂ and ＂adapted＂ in China. The paper attempts to find out the reasons for ＂transformation＂ and ＂adaptation＂ and discuss the relationship between individual and nation in view of Liang Qichao＇s views on utilitarianism. It at last makes a conclusion that Liang Qichao＇s views on utilitarianism was based on ＂harmonious relationship between individual and collective＂, but in late Qing dynasty, when a people and a nation prevailed, the views obviously emphasized collective interest and thus proved to be based on collective and far different from western utilitarianism which was based on individual.