生态公益林补偿标准的确定

On the Determination of Compensation Standards for Non-commercial Forest

生态补偿标准是生态公益林补偿的核心问题，其确定以劳动价值论、地租理论为基础，考虑效用价值论、均衡价值论等理论，并结合林业经营的实际情况确定．确定补偿标准首先考虑生态公益林经营成本补偿，其次考虑收益损失补偿，最后考虑生态产品与服务价值补偿．以直接和间接生产成本为基础构成最低补偿标准为315～450元／hm^2；基本补偿标准615—750元／hm^2；金额补偿标准为1215～1350元／hm^2；最高补偿标准为生态产品与服务价值补偿．国家应像补助粮食生产一样，足额补偿生态效能的生产，这对解决山区农民致富及环境保护问题极为重要．

The present paper first deals with some basic theories related to the setting of compensation standards for non-commercial forest, including the labor value theory, the land tax theory, the utility value theory and the equilibrium value theory. Meanwhile, the production features in forestry should be fully considered. Then, four types of standard are recognized and defined, namely, the minimum standard, the elementary standard, the full standard and the maximum standard. Currently, the mini- mum standard, which only considers direct and indirect production costs in forestry, can be set in the range of 315 -450 yuan/hm^2 ; for the elementary standard, which is the sum of land tax and the elementary standard, can be set in the range of 615 -750 yuan/hm^2 ; for the full standard, which begins to consider the losing benefit of concerned farmers, should be set at least in the range of 1 215 - 1 350 yuan/hm^2; and, for the maximum standard, which considers ecological produce and service of concerned forests, can be set at even higher level. Finally, the possibility of applying these standards are discussed and the authors point out that as a whole the national policy of food production compensation can be referred on the issue.