氟铝络合物安全性评估

Safety evaluation of aluminum fluoride

铝是地壳中含量最丰富的金属元素之一,摄入过量的铝与一些疾病相关。氟化物是一种公认的G蛋白激活剂,需要微量的Al^(3+)才能激活GTP结合蛋白。溶液中Al^(3+)和F^-可形成稳定的络合物,其结构和浓度取决于pH值、Al^(3+)和F^-的含量。AlF_x结构类似γ-磷酸盐,可与G蛋白结合,因此能抑制GTP酶活性,AlF_x也可以与小GTP结合蛋白形成复合物,影响GTP酶激活蛋白。AlF_x可以影响许多磷酸转移酶酶活性。这些酶在细胞信号传导和能量代谢方面起重要的作用。通过本文了解AlF_x在骨生理、氟中毒和神经毒理等方面的作用,探讨其潜在的意义。

Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth crust, and over intake of aluminum has been proved to be associated with many diseases. Fluoride is a well-known G protein activator, which can actirate Activation of heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins with small amounts of Al^3＋ ions. Al^3＋ and F^- tend to form stable complexes in aqueous solution. The exact structure and concentration of AlFx depend on the pH and the amount of F^- and Al^3＋ in the solution. AlFx mimics a γ-phosphate at its transition state in a Ga protein and is therefore able to inhibit its GTPase activity. AlFx also forms complexes with small GTP-binding proteins in the presence of their GTPase activating proteins （GAP）. As phosphate analogs, AlFx affects the activity of a variety of phosphoryl transfer enzymes, most of which are fundamentally important in cell signal transduction or energy metabolism. The aim of this review is to discuss the basic chemical, physiological and neurotoxicological properties of AI-F complexes, and to explore its potential physiological mechanisms.