王实味与延安文艺的复杂关系

On the Sophisticated Relation between Wang Shiwei and Yan'an Literature & Art

历史总是有足够耐性和时间让人们去反省,王实味被杀害已经半个多世纪,平反也近二十年了,然而,有关王实味与延安文艺的复杂关系学术界没有人进行过认真的研究,今天能够看到的文章多是对历史事实的追忆叙述,而缺乏学理性的分析。将王实味放在1937-1947年延安文艺运动中进行考察,深入剖析王实味与延安文艺的复杂关系,挖掘在延安文艺建构过程中知识分子意识与追求同政党意识的博弈及知识分子最终对政治的服膺之因,就可以多向度、多层面证明王实味是坚定的马克思主义信仰者和革命的追随者,只因他年轻气盛、天真理想、性格执拗、率性而为的行为在批判揭露文学新潮中引人注目,成为政治强力介入干涉文艺的一个借口和突破口,成为政治家和文艺家建构延安文艺过程中互相博弈的牺牲品。在延安文艺建构中,中共大力宣传阐释鲁迅,实质上是出于功利目的对鲁迅精神进行了功利性的置换,而丁玲、艾青、王实味真正继承延续了鲁迅精神,只是丁玲艾青迫于政治的压力,让自己的个性消失在时代政治的大潮中,个人的小我服从了时代的大我。只有王实味坚守文学的尊严、坚守文学的使命、坚守文人的个性、承继鲁迅的精神到底。这是真正的文人秉性、真正的文人骨气,但以生命做代价太沉重。

In this paper,I analyzed the complex relationship of Wang Shiwei and Yanan literature in-depth on the background of 1937-1947 Yanan literature campaign in order to find out the causes and impact of Wang Shiwei＇s tragedy.Wang Shiwei,an innocent,stubborn and straightforward young man,who has nearly taken part in the whole process of the mid-term art in Yan＇an.He is a leading finger of literary and excuse of politics interfering with literature,a victim of the computation between politician and artists during the art revolution in Yan＇an.In Yan＇an literature organizing,the Chinese communist party to promote Lu Sun,is the purpose of utility to displace the spirit of Lu Xun.Ding Lin,Ai Qing and Wang Shiwei inherited the spirit of Lu Xun truly,but in a pity that Ding Lin and Ai Qing＇s personality were disappeared in the times of political by the political pressure.At this time,only Wang Shiwei hold the dignity of their literature and literature of the mission and of character,the spirit of Lu Xun.This is the true nature and backbone of literati,but it＇s too heavy.