犯罪“未得逞”新议

The New Interpretation of Incompleteness of a Crime

关于我国刑法典第23条第1款所规定的犯罪"未得逞"的含义,我国刑法学界有三种不同的观点,即犯罪结果说、犯罪目的说和犯罪构成要件说。这三种观点都有片面性,难以解释所有犯罪的未遂犯。应该用"犯罪客体说"阐释犯罪"未得逞",犯罪"未得逞"是指行为人实施了刑法分则所规定的实行行为没有侵害到而只是威胁到刑法所保护的社会关系。"犯罪客体说"能对我国刑法学界通说所概括的四种犯罪既遂形态类型作出合理的解释。

There are three different viewpoints about the incompleteness of a crime stipulated in the first paragraph of Article 23 of the Criminal Law in academic circles： the theory of criminal consequence,the theory of criminal intent,and the theory of constitutive elements of crime.They are difficult to explain all the attempted offenses because of their one-sidedness.This paper uses ＂the theory of the object of crime＂ to interpret the incompleteness of a crime which means that the act of perpetrating stipulated in specific provisions of Criminal Law doesn＇t infringe on the legal interests but only imperil them.＂The theory of the object of crime＂ can reasonably explain the four general types of accomplished crime that penal academic link says.