接种百白破疫苗不良反应监测分析

Surveillance and Analysis of Adverse Events Following DPT Vaccine Immunization

目的:探讨减少接种百白破疫苗不良反应的有效措施。方法:对2009年1至12月出生的满3个月到2周岁的儿童在汕头市下蓬医院接种百白破疫苗出现的不良反应资料进行统计分析。结果:2009年1至12月共接种百白破疫苗10551人次,发生不良反应1300例,发生率12.32%,其中接种吸附全细胞百白破疫苗疫苗(DTwP)9411人,发生不良反应1255例,占13.36%。接种吸附无细胞百白破疫苗疫苗(DTaP)1140人,发生不良反应45例,发生率3.95%,DTaP明显低于DTwP,差异有统计学意义(X2=97.29 P<0.005)。结论:接种百白破疫苗不良反应发生率较高,因此要改进接种要求,严格掌握禁忌证,接种前疫苗要充分摇匀,做到深部肌肉注射,最好选择不良反应率较低的无细胞百白破疫苗,从而降低接种后不良反应的发生。

Objective： To discuss the effective measures to reduce adverse reactions following DPT vaccine immunization.Method： Data of adverse reaction collected from the children who received DPT vaccine immunization in Shantou Xiapeng hospital were analyzed.These children were born between January and December of 2009 aging from 3 months to 2 years old.Result： Of the 10551 children of DPT vaccine inoculated,1300 cases had adverse reaction,accounting for 12.32%.The number of adverse reaction following DTWP vaccination was 9411,1255 cases had adverse reaction,accounting for 13.36%.The number of adverse reaction following DTaP vaccination was 1140,45 cases had adverse reaction,accounting for 3.95%.The rate of adverse reaction following DTaP vaccination is much lower than DTWP vaccination and the difference has statistical significance（Х^2=97.29 P〈0.005）.Conclusion： The rate of adverse reaction following DPT vaccine immunization was higher,so it demands to improve the requirements of vaccination and be careful of the contraindications.It needs to shake adequately before injection and give a deep intramuscular injection.In order to reduce the adverse effects,it would be bette to choose DTaP which has less adverse effects.