周代庙制异议

A New Discussion on the Temple System in the Zhou Dynasty

《礼记》、《公羊传》、《穀梁传》所载周代庙制的内容不一,多所抵牾,概括其要点,则为四级(或五级)庙数和毁庙规则。考察《左传》,可知春秋庙制的特点是:庙数分为二级,天子、诸侯是一祖一庙,大夫则诸祖共一庙;无毁庙制度。古今学者多认为春秋无毁庙的"现象"异于西周庙制,具有代表性的观点是当毁未毁说、合理变更说、昭穆计数说和变例说。联系周代宗法制度、宗教信仰、伦理道德、政治需要和经济因素考察,可以判断春秋庙制是对西周庙制的继承而不是违背,周代庙制存在于适合其生长的文化沃壤中。

There are different records on temple system in the Zhou Dynasty in Book of Rites（《礼记》）,Biography of Gong Yang（《公羊》）and Biography of Gu Liang（《穀梁》）.The difference embodied in number of temple and regulation to destroy temple.The records in Zuo Zhuan（《左传》）indicates that the number of temple has two grades in the Spring and Autumn Period,each emperor and vassal has his individual temple to be worshiped,as for senior officials（大夫）,the later generation honor all their ancestors at the same temple.Furthermore,there is no system to destroy temple at that time.From the past to the present,most scholars consider that the phenomenon of not destroying temple is different from temple system of Western Zhou Dynasty.In my view,the temple system of the Spring and Autumn inherited that of Western Zhou Dynasty and didn＇t run counter to it.