南京政府“地方自治”制度设计的演变

On the Change of Local Self-government Institution of the Nanjing Government

南京政府成立后,在遵照"总理遗教"的名义下开展了轰轰烈烈的"地方自治"运动,这场运动与国民党在大陆的统治相始终。"地方自治"的制度设计是整个"地方自治"的基础,南京政府时期地方自治制度经历了一个发展演变的过程。最初设计的制度由于"过于理想",而没能真正推行。随后,南京政府对地方自治制度不断进行修改变通,直至"纳保甲于自治之中",强化对基层社会的控制。抗战爆发后,南京政府整合了此前实施的基层管理制度,在地方自治的名义下推行了"新县制"。南京政府"地方自治"制度演变的总体趋势是不断强化对基层社会的控制。

Since its establishment,the Nanjing government had been launching a campaign of local self-government in the name of conforming to Sun Yat-sen’s theory until it lost the control of the China's Mainland.The design of institution is the base of local self-government and it experienced a process of development.At first the Nanjing government designed an institution which is too unrealistic to carry out.Then it began to revise the institution constantly,and even declared that Baojia（保甲,neighbourhood administrative system） was the basic organization of local self-government in order to strengthen the control over grassroots society.After the War of Resistance against Japan broke out,the Nanjing government integrated the previous local self-government institution and carried out new county system in the name of local self-government.