尼克松政府时期美国民航安全政策研究

The U.S. Civil Aviation Security Policy during the Nixon Administration

面对20世纪60年代末兴起的国际恐怖主义劫机活动,9.11事件后公开的美国国家档案显示,尼克松政府不仅通过创建空中警察和机场安检系统等措施提高美国自身的民航反恐能力,还通过国际民航组织、联合国、北约等国际组织积极争取国际反劫机合作。这些举措不仅有效地减少了针对美国的劫机事件,而且客观上促进了国际社会在航运安全领域的合作。然而,受冷战思维的影响,尼克松政府的民航安全政策主要着眼于美国的航运利益,服务于冷战时期美国的地区安全战略,因此其争取国际合作的努力常因无法获得其他国家的支持而作用有限。

Confronting with the emerge of international terrorist hijackings in late 1960s,Nixon administration adopted both civil and diplomatic implementations to defend the U.S.civil aviation security,including improving the anti-hijacking capabilities by establishing Sky Marshal,advancing the airport security screen system domestically and promoting the international cooperation by diplomatic efforts through the ICAO,UN and NATO.The civil aviation security policy in Nixon administration decreased the hijackings dramatically and promoted the international cooperation on hijacking.However,such a policy influenced by the cold war mentality mainly focused on the U.S.aviation security and served for the U.S.national interests,which could not win more supports when it hurted the other countries’ interests.