临床实习护生焦虑与心理压力的相关性研究

Study on the Relativity Between Anxiety and Psychological Pressure about Clinical Probationer Nurses

目的调查临床实习护生的焦虑与主要心理压力状况,分析临床实习护生的焦虑与心理压力的相关性,为制定有针对性的干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法抽取2008年7月至2010年5月在湖南省某三甲医院的216名临床实习护生,使用自制的调查表收集临床实习护生的一般资料和心理压力状况。使用Zung的焦虑自评量表评定临床实习护生的焦虑状况。采用SPSS16.0统计软件对资料进行描述性分析和Pearson相关分析。结果 216名临床实习护生的焦虑发生率为25%,其中轻度焦虑占19.44%,中度焦虑占5.56%。前四位心理压力得分依次为人际方面的不被尊重和当劳动力使用,病人的不配合和不信任,带教老师的冷漠严厉和人员的陌生,社会方面的自己的付出得不到老师的认可。Pearson相关分析表明：临床实习护生焦虑与心理压力源的人际方面（P〈0.01）、社会方面（P〈0.01）、工作性质与工作程度方面（P〈0.01）及家庭方面（P〈0.05）呈正相关,差异有统计学意义。结论管理者应重视临床实习护生的焦虑状况,及时进行心理疏导,引导临床实习护生通过自我调节来缓解来自多方面的压力,从而降低临床实习护生的焦虑水平,增进其心理健康。

Objective To investigate the State of anxiety and psychological pressure about clinical probationer nurses,analyze the relativity between them ,and provide theoretical basis in order to make distinctive prevention measures for clinical probationer nurses.Methods 216 clinical probationer nurses were sampled by method of cluster sampling from July,2008 to May,2010 in three grade A hospital of Hunan.General datum and psychological pressure of clinical probationer nurses were collected by the self-made Questionnaire,and the anxiety state was measured by Zung SAS.Descriptive analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were done by the use of SPSS 16.0.Results The incidence of anxiety of clinical probationer nurses was 25% in which light degree and middle degree were 19.44% ,and 5.56% respectively.Psychological stress scores among the top three followed by interpersonal aspects were not respected and used as labor,noncooperation and distrust of patients,indifference and stringency of clinical teacher and stange personnel,and the fourth was that their payment did not obtain the approval of clinical teacher in the social aspect.Pearson correlation analysis showed that anxiety of clinical probationer nurses was postitvely correlative with interpersonal aspect （P0.01）,social aspect （P 0.01）,aspect of work nature and work degree （P 0.01）,and aspect of family （P 0.05）.The difference had significance in statistics.Conclusions Managers should pay attention to the anxiety state of clinical probationer nurses,give students psychological guidance in time,and lead them to relieve pressure of many aspects by autoregulation.Therefore,anxiety level of clinical probationer nurses was decreased,and their mental health was improved.