中国不同地理来源旱稻地方品种的遗传相似性研究

Analysis of Genetic Similarity for Upland Landrace Rices from Different Geographical Origins in China

【目的】通过对中国旱稻地方品种的遗传多样性检测,分析不同地理来源旱稻地方品种的遗传相似性和遗传差异,为旱稻地方品种在水稻遗传育种中的有效利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用39对SSR引物对来自中国17个省份或地区的158份旱稻地方品种以及20份巴西旱稻种质进行SSR标记多态性、遗传相似性和聚类分析。【结果】在中国旱稻地方品种中共检测到等位基因308个,每对引物等位基因数变异在2—21个,平均等位基因数为7.8974个,其中RM72、RM241、RM232和RM412的等位基因数较多,分别为21、17、16和15个。Nei’s基因多样性指数变异在0.0435—0.8989,平均基因多样性指数为0.6153,其中RM232、RM72和RM241的基因多样性指数较高,分别为0.8989、0.8914和0.8883。籼型旱稻地方品种的平均等位基因数和平均基因多样性指数分别为6.4359和0.6227,而粳型旱稻地方品种分别为6.9744和0.5087。籼型旱稻地方品种各省份或地区间遗传一致性变异在0.4007—0.8959,平均为0.7168,而粳型旱稻地方品种各省份或地区间遗传一致性变异在0.5803—0.9581,平均为0.7643。【结论】籼型旱稻地方品种的基因多样性显著高于粳型旱稻地方品种;各省份或地区间粳型旱稻地方品种的遗传一致性高于籼型旱稻地方品种;各省份或地区粳型旱稻地方品种间遗传相似性与地理位置密切相关,而籼型旱稻地方品种间遗传相似性与地理位置未见相关。

【Objective】 The genetic diversity of upland landrace rices were detected,and the genetic similarity and genetic difference among different geographical origins of China were analyzed,in order to provide useful information for effective management and utilization in rice breeding.【Method】 The polymorphism of SSR markers,genetic similarity and cluster of 158 upland landrace rices from 17 provinces or areas of China and 20 upland rice germplasms from Brazil were analyzed using 39 pairs of SSR markers.【Result】 A total of 308 alleles were detected in upland landrace rices from China,and the alleles per pair of primers ranged from 2 to 21 with the mean value of 7.8974.Among these loci,RM72,RM241,RM232 and RM412 had more alleles,which were 21,17,16 and 15,respectively.The Nei＇s gene diversity indices varied from 0.0435 to 0.8989 and the average value was 0.6153.RM232,RM72 and RM241 showed higher gene diversity indices,which were 0.8989,0.8914 and 0.8883,respectively.The average number of alleles per pair of primers and the Nei＇s gene diversity indices for indica upland landrace rices were 6.4359 and 0.6227,but those of japonica upland landrace rices were 6.9744 and 0.5087.The genetic identity indices for indica upland landrace rices among different provinces or areas of China were from 0.4007 to 0.8959 with the mean value of 0.7168,while that of japonica upland landrace rices were from 0.5803 to 0.9581 with the average of 0.7643.【Conclusion】 Test of significance demonstrated that indica upland landrace rices were more gene diversity than japonica upland landrace rices.The genetic identity indices for japonica upland landrace rices among different provinces or areas were higher than that of indica upland landrace rices.The japonica upland landrace rices from the provinces or areas which had geographical proximity had a similar hereditary basis;however the correlated relation was not distinct in indica upland landrace rices.