美国有毒植物概述及其对畜牧业生产的影响

An Overview of Poisonous Plants and Their Effects on Animal Husbandry in the United States

有毒植物在世界范围内影响着畜牧业发展和人类生活,甚至在有些地区特别是牧区草地发生严重的动物毒草中毒灾害,引起动物大批中毒死亡,给草地畜牧业生产造成重大损失,动摇了牧民对草地的安全感。美国等世界发达国家在有毒植物的生物学、生态学、毒理学、中毒病控制和综合利用研究方面起步早,已经取得一定成果。中国在有毒植物研究方面起步较晚,与美国等发达国家有很大差距,尤其是在有毒植物中毒病控制和综合利用方面。本文从美国有毒植物研究历史及现状、地理环境与有毒植物分布概况、有毒植物对畜牧业造成的灾害、有毒植物种类及主要有毒植物、有毒植物防治策略等方面做了简要论述。

Poisonous plants have influence over the development of animal husbandry and people＇s edibles safety all over the world,in some regions,especially in the pastoral areas,serious animals poisoning hazards occurred frequently,which caused the death of livestock and resulted serious damage to animal husbandry.Meanwhile,the directly increased breed cost has dampened the enthusiasm of farmers for raising livestock.For the moment,the advanced countries,such as USA,had made some progress in research of the biological,ecological,toxicology characteristics of poisonous plants as well as in establishment of the measures of prevention and control of poisoning hazards.However,research of comprehensive utilization of poisonous plants has been started late in China,as in its initial stage,there is a still a wide gap in the quantity and quality of research as compared with the developed countries.This paper briefly states the history and present of geographic distribution of American poisonous plants,demonstrates the species of poisonous plants as well as its damage to animal husbandry,points out some preventive strategies.