2006—2008年中国部分地区马铃薯晚疫病菌生理小种的分布

Distribution of Physiological Races of Phytophthora infestans on Potato Collected in the Investigated Areas of China from 2006 to 2008

【目的】对中国部分地区马铃薯晚疫病菌Phytophthora infestans生理小种的毒力基因进行测定与评价,为抗晚疫病育种策略制定以及抗病品种的合理布局提供指导。【方法】利用11个含有单显抗病基因的一套鉴别寄主,采用离体叶片法测定马铃薯晚疫病菌的生理小种。【结果】在采自2006—2008年中国6个省份的57个马铃薯晚疫病菌株中,共测定出30个生理小种。所测的30个生理小种均为含多个毒力基因的复合小种,其中含有5个以上的毒力基因的小种有25个,约占83%。还发现3个菌株可以克服所有已知的R1—R11等11个抗病基因的"超级毒力小种"。【结论】中国马铃薯晚疫病菌生理小种数目不断增多,其组成日趋复杂。垂直抗病基因R1—R11在中国部分省份完全丧失抗病性,迫切需要发掘新的抗源和加紧培育水平抗性品种。

【Objective】 The virulence genes of physiological race of Phytophthora infestans isolates from potato collected from the investigated areas in China were determined and evaluated,which will provide guidelines for resistant breeding and appropriate distribution of resistant varieties.【Method】 The races of P.infestans isolates were determined by inoculation of detached leaflets of a differential set of potato cultivars carrying the eleven major（R） genes.【Result】 A total of 30 races were identified among 57 isolates collected from the six provinces of China in 2006-2008 and all of them were complex-races possessing at least two virulence genes and 25 races showed five or more,accounting for 83% in tested strains.In addition,there were three isolates called ＂super virulence race＂,which can overcome all known 11 resistant genes（R1 to R11）.【Conclusion】 The number of races of P.infestans is increacing and its composition is getting more complex in China.Therefore,it is very urgent to explore new resistant germplasm from wild potato relatives and breed horizontal resistant varieties due to all known 11 vertical resistant genes losing resistance to P.infestans in some provinces of China.