影响喀什石榴裂果相关因素的初步研究

Primary Report on Correlation Factors Affecting Fruit Cracking of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

【目的】探寻降低喀什石榴裂果率的措施,以提高其商品性。【方法】以6年生喀什噶尔甜石榴为试材,研究间作、套袋、喷施CaCl2和激素、树盘覆盖及土壤负压等对裂果的影响。【结果】果实膨大期果面喷GA3可显著降低裂果率,GA3较CK可降低裂果率近20%,GA3各浓度间无差异;果面喷20mg/LNAA的裂果率高于CK并与GA3差异显著,其余浓度与GA3间均无差异。果实膨大期树冠喷施CaCl2溶液有利于降低裂果率,可降低7%左右。树盘覆草、覆膜对降低成熟期石榴裂果率有一定效果,其中覆膜的效果较好,可降低裂果率近9%。套袋可较CK降低裂果率7.4%。不同间作物对石榴裂果的影响略有不同。初步认为64kPa是石榴裂果明显增加的土壤负压阈值,在出现裂果之前将土壤负压控制在64kPa以下有利于控制裂果。【结论】果实膨大期果面喷GA3可显著降低裂果率,果面喷NAA亦可降低裂果率,但其效果明显逊于GA3;果实膨大期树冠喷施CaCl2溶液可降低裂果率7%左右;套袋有利于降低裂果率,可较CK降低7.4%;树盘覆盖杂草和薄膜对降低成熟期石榴裂果率有一定效果。

[Objective]The main aim of this study was to depress the percentage of fruit cracking to improve fruit quality.[Method]The experimentation such as intercropping,bagging,spraying CaCl2 and hormone,covering ridge,soil underpressure were studied by using 6 years old Kashi pomegranate.[Result]Spraying GA3 on fruit can reduce fruit cracking percentage in fruit expansion period by 20% by comparison with CK.The fruit cracking percentage of the fruit sprayed with NAA 20mg/l was higher than that CK and was significantly diferent with GA3.Spraying CaCl2 on tree crown can decrease the fruit cracking percentage by 7% than CK.Covering ridge with weeds and plastic film are helpful to reduce the fruit cracking percentage,plastic film can decrease the fruit cracking percentage by 9%.Bagging paper bag can reduce by 7.4% compared with CK.Initial result showed that 64 kPa is threshold value of soil underpressure that fruit cracking percentage increase obviously.Controlling the soil underpressure under 64 kPa is of help of reducing the fruit cracking percentage before fruit cracking.[Conclusion]Spraying GA3 on fruit at expansion stage can reduce fruit cracking percentage significantly.Spraying NAA is advantageous effectively to depress fruit cracking percentage but it inferior to GA3.Spraying CaCl2 on tree crown can depress the fruit cracking percentage by 7% than CK.Bagging can depress the fruit cracking percentage by 7.4% than CK.Covering ridge with weeds and plastic film are helpful to depress the fruit cracking percentage.