仁用杏果实生长发育动态规律

Dynamics Rhythm of Growth and Development of Kernel-apricot Fruit

【目的】全面了解乌鲁木齐北郊仁用杏果实生长发育动态规律,为栽培管理提供参考。【方法】以仁用杏龙王帽和优一为试材,于杏树落花末期开始,每隔10d,每品种随机采摘10个发育正常的果实,观测果实、果核与杏仁的鲜重、纵横径、干重的动态变化。【结果】仁用杏果实生长发育期可分为果实快速生长期、果实缓慢生长期和果实成熟期;果核及杏仁的生长发育可分为快速生长和缓慢生长两个阶段,果核的快速生长与果实的快速生长时期一致,杏仁在果实与果核即将缓慢生长时开始快速生长发育,3周后,生长变缓慢,持续至果实成熟;果实、杏仁的鲜重和干重质量动态曲线呈较明显的"双S"型曲线。【结论】果实发育约需90d,生长发育动态呈"双S"型曲线;杏仁在快速生长期即将结束前,干重积累量较少,而其开始缓慢生长时,干重开始明显积累增长;调控果肉、果核与仁的正常生长发育,果实完全成熟时采收,对杏仁的产量都至关重要。

[Objective]The aim of this study is to understand fully that growth and development dynamics rhythm of kernel-apricot fruit in northern suburb of Urumqi city,to provide reference for culture.[Method]From the end of the blooming period of Longwangmao and Youyi,10 normally developed fruits of them were picked randomly every 10 day,fresh weight,longitudinal and transverse diameters,dry weight of fruits,stones and apricot kernel were observed,then dynamic curves of them were drawn.[Result]The fruit growth and development period of kernel-apricot can be divided approximately into the fast growth period,the slow growth period of fruit and the fruit maturation period.Stone and kernel whole growth and development dynamics can be divided into the fast growth period and the slow growth period.Stone fast growth period and the fruit fast growth period show no difference.Kernel will start fast grow as soon as fruit and stone slowly grow,after 3 weeks it grows slowly,until fruit mature.The fresh weight and dry weight dynamics rhythm of fruit and kernel show obvious ‘double S’ growth curve.[Conclusion]Apricot-kernel fruit growth and development need about 90 days for mature,which present ‘double S’ curve.Accumulation of dry kernel weight is less in kernel fast growth preiod,then it increases obviously when kernel slowly grows.It is very important for the yield of kernel that the normal growth and development of fruit fresh and furit kernel should be regulated,and the fruits are harvested when they mature fully.