景观尺度下乌苏-奎屯-独山子地区生态环境变化分析

Research on the Eco-environment Change of Wusu-Kuitun-Dushanzi Region Based on Landscape Scale

【目的】基于景观尺度对乌苏-奎屯-独山子地区1990～2005年生态环境变化进行了分析,从景观格局变化总体特征和景观指数两方面探讨了人类活动在该地区景观尺度上的直接体现形式。【方法】研究以景观生态学理论和方法为指导,借助3S技术和图形处理软件。【结果】农田、未利用地、水域、盐碱地和城镇及工业用地景观比例增加,而林地、草地、冰川、沼泽地则减少,山地—荒漠—绿洲过渡带逐渐退化,总体上呈现出"两增一减"的现象;该地区的景观斑块均匀度增加、缀块密度增大、Shannon多样性指数及均匀度指数都增加。【结论】景观格局向多样化、破碎化发展,交错格局趋于简单化、破碎化及脆弱化。

[Objective and Method]This research aim was to investigate and analyze the eco-environmental changes of Wusu-Kuitun-Dushanzi from 1990 to 2005 based on the landscape scale and 3S technology and to explore the consequences of anthropogenic activities on the landscape scale from landscape pattern change characteristics and landscape indexes.[Result]The results showed that the landscape proportion of farmland,unutilized land,water region,alkaline land,urban and industrial land increased significantly,nevertheless,the forest,grassland,glacier and marshland decreased dramatically,the mountainous-oasis-desert transitional zone degraded gradually and the eco-environmental phenomenon of ＂oasis and desert increased but the transitional zone decreased＂ have arisen under the interaction of human and natural factors.[Conclusion]Furthermore,the landscape pattern have transformed into diversity and fragmentation and the criss-cross patterns have tended to simplicity,and vulnerability.