图片与音乐改善孤独症儿童注意力与情绪的探索性分析

Explorative analysis on the effects of pictures and music on the attention and emotion in autistic children

目的:探索不同图片与音乐结合的刺激材料改善孤独症儿童注意力与情绪的效果。方法:采用横断研究设计。选取苏州平江培智学校和上海徐汇区星雨儿童康健院共135名儿童,确诊35名符合孤独症诊断标准,从中选取14名8～12岁孤独症儿童作为被试。以12张图片刺激材料(闪电、火车、QQ糖等)与4种不同的音乐背景(无声、儿歌、森巴打击乐、舒缓钢琴曲)相结合的视频为实验材料,来探索图片、音乐对孤独症儿童注意力和情绪的影响。结果:(1)孤独症儿童对食物类图片关注时间最长[如对薯片图片的平均注意时长最长(5.61s)]。在四类音乐背景下,整体上有声比无声注视时间长[如,孤独症儿童在儿歌背景下对火车图片(6.12±2.6)vs.(4.99±2.40)和鸭子图片(5.90±2.21)vs.(4.30±2.00)的注意时长高于在无声背景下(Ps<0.05);在森巴背景下对手套图片的注意时长高于无声、舒缓钢琴曲背景(4.91±1.93)vs.(3.89±1.81),(4.63±1.72),Ps<0.05]。(2)对除QQ糖外的其他的11张图片刺激,10s内第一次注意的时长显著低于10s总共注意时长[如,闪电图片,(3.70±1.73)vs.(4.44±1.56),P<0.05]。(3)14名孤独症儿童中有9名情绪出现由烦躁不定转为安静,以及由安静转向积极正面的情绪,如微笑、前倾、言语等。结论:孤独症儿童对食物、动物以及交通工具等类型的刺激材料,集中注意力时间相对较长;音乐能够唤起更多的情绪。

Objective： To explore the effect of different combination of pictures and music on the attention and emotion of autistic children. Methods： There were 135 chileren in Suzhou Pingjiang Training School and Shanghai Silent Angel Kindergarten in total. Among them, 35 children met with the diagnosis criterion of autism according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition（DSM-Ⅳ）. In this cross-sectiunal study, 14 autistic children （8 - 12 years old） were selected from these 35 children. The stimulus of videos on 12 pictures （lightning, train, QQ candy, etc. ） combining with four kinds of background music（ soundless, nursery rhyme, Samba percussion, soothing piano music）were used to test the effects on the subjects. Results： （1）The subjects focused the longest time on pictures of food, for instance, they took the longest mean attention on the chip pictures（5.61s）. And the focus time on the sound video was longer than the soundless video during the experiment of four kinds of background music. Details： on the train picture[ （6. 12 ± 2.6） vs. （4.99 ± 2. 40） ] and on the duck picture[ （5.90 ±2. 21） vs. （4. 30 ± 2. 00） ], the focus time in the nursery rhyme background was longer than that in the soundless background（ Ps 〈 0. 05） ; on the gloves picture, the focus time in the Samba percussion background was longer than that in the soundless and the soothing piano music background[ （4. 91 ±1.93） vs. （3. 89 ±1.81）, （4. 63 ±1.72）, Ps 〈0. 05]. （2）The first focus time within 10 s was significantly shorter than the total focus time in 10s on the stimulus of 11 pictures except the QQ candy picture. [e. g., the lightning picture, （3.70 ± 1.73） vs. （4.44 ±1.56）, P 〈0. 05]. （3） The emotion of the 9 of 14 autistic children changed from impatient to patient and from patient to positive, such as smile, leaning forward, speech and so on. Conclusion： The focus time of the autistic children on the stimulus Such as food, animal and vehicles are relatively longer and the music can evoke more emotion of autistic children.