在日中国幼儿母亲的育儿压力特点及相关因素

Parenting stress in Chinese mothers of preschool children living in Japan

目的:考察居住于日本的中国母亲的育儿状况及育儿压力的相关因素。方法:采用方便取样,选取在日本关东圈内与配偶共同居住、育有0～6岁婴幼儿的中国母亲132名,用夫妻关系满足量表(Quali-ty Marriage Index,QMI)来测量夫妻关系满意程度(≥18分为夫妻关系良好组,<18分为夫妻关系不良组),用育儿压力量表考察中国母亲的育儿压力特点。结果:3个或3个以上孩子的母亲(n=7)的育儿压力低于拥有2个孩子的母亲(n=48)或1个孩子的母亲(n=77)[(60.14±15.46)vs.(87.29±19.79),(83.70±20.31);P=0.009,0.003];女孩母亲(n=62)的育儿压力低于男孩母亲(n=70)[(79.45±22.50)vs.(87.57±18.11);P=0.023]。夫妻关系不良组母亲(n=51)的育儿压力高的可能性比夫妻关系良好组母亲(n=81)高4.21倍;无职业母亲(n=59)的育儿压力高的可能性是有职业母亲(n=73)的2.63倍。结论:夫妻关系满意度、就职状况、孩子的数量及性别与在日中国人母亲的育儿压力相关,夫妻关系满意度高、有职业、孩子数量较多且为女孩的在日中国母亲育儿压力更低。

Objective： To explore the actual conditions of childcare environment and clarify the related factors of parenting stress in Chinese mothers living in Japan. Methods： By convenience sampling, 132 Chinese mothers who had 0-6-year-old children and rived in the Kanto range with their spouses were investigated by questionnaires inclu- ding the Parenting Stress in Japan and Quality Marriage Index. Results： Parenting stress in mothers with 3 children or more（n = 7 ）was significantly lower than that in mothers with 1 child （n = 48 ）or 2 children（n = 77 ） [ （60. 14 ± 15.46） vs. （87. 29 ±19. 79）, （83.70 ± 20. 31） ; Ps 〈 0. 05]. And parenting stress in girl＇s mothers（ n = 62） was significantly lower than that in boy＇s mothers （n =70） [（79.45 ±22. 50） vs. （87. 57 ±18. 11）, P 〈0. 05]. Parenting stress in marital relationship defective group（n = 51 ）was 4. 21 times higher than that in marital relationship excellent group（ n = 81）, and parenting stress in unemployed group （n = 59）was 2. 63 times higher than that in employed group（ n = 73）. Conclusion： Marital relationship satisfaction rating and mothers＇employment situations have significantly effects on parenting stress of Chinese mothers who live in Japan.