论民国初年的教育宗旨与教育追求——蔡元培五育并举教育思想与民初教育宗旨的比较

Republic of China's Early Years of Educational Tenet and Aspiration:CAI Yuanpei's "Five Aspects of Education" in Comparison

民国初年确立的教育宗旨与蔡元培五育并举教育思想不仅有形式上的区别,而且有本质上的不同。这种不同的后面是二者的教育价值观所导致的不同教育追求:五育并举以完善人性,塑造完全人格为价值取向,其追求是人的全面、自由、和谐发展;民初教育宗旨以社会现实为价值取向,突出教育的社会救亡工具价值和社会急务。民初教育宗旨确立的教育是一种片面教育,但这种片面是中国近代教育发展不可避免的片面。当今社会政治稳定、经济迅速发展,我们的教育完全有理由站在"人"的发展的角度去充分考虑、高度重视受教育者的精神世界问题,在这方面,民初的教育宗旨能给我们一定的借鉴,蔡元培的五育并举教育思想也能给我们更多的启示。

In the Republic of China＇s early years,the national education tenet was contrasted by CAI Yuanpei＇s ＂Five Aspects of Education＂ both in form and in essence.The difference resulted from different education values for different education aspirations： CAI＇s ＂Five Aspects of Education＂ aimed for the perfection of human nature for the moulding of the completeness of personality as the value orientation so as to aspire for man＇s development of completeness,freedom and harmony.Republic of China＇s early years of education tenet was directed for social reality,emphasising education as a tool for social salvation and emergency.Rupublic of China＇s early years of education served a one-sided purpose,but was also an unavoidable choice for China then.Now when China＇s society and economy develop well,education may justifiably shift its emphasis to ＂humanity＂ development so as to fully consider and highlight the spiritual world.This may be learned from Republic of China＇s early years of education,and also from CAI Yuanpei＇s ＂Five Aspects of Education＂,which has offered us much for revelation.