巴西蘑菇标准箱栽培技术初探

Novel Method for Cultivating Agaricus blazei

以巴西蘑菇ABM-3菌株为试验对象,比较了麦粒菌种、发酵棉籽壳菌种、棉籽壳菌种和新型泥炭土菌种的制备方法和应用,结果表明,以泥炭土为主料的新型制种方法具有制种快、菌种保存期长、萌发定植快、成本低等优点。采用熟料标准箱式栽培,以棉籽壳为主料,发酵后装袋、灭菌、接种、菌丝发满后置于标准箱中,泥炭土覆土栽培;供试的四种配方栽培料中最佳配方的鲜菇产量可达9.0 kg/m2,与发酵料床式栽培产量相当;子实体的镉含量平均值为0.42 mg/kg,产品符合国家质检要求。

Production of Agaricus blazei（strain ABM-3） spawn on four different substrates was compared.A substrate consisting of（w/w） 78% peat,10% cotton seed hull,10% wheat bran,1% CaSO4 and 1% sucrose exhibited superior characteristics in terms of a shorter incubation time required to produce the spawn,a longer spawn shelf-life,and lower costs compared with traditional wheat grain substrate.A novel method for cultivating A.blazei fruit bodies was tested using four different compost formulae.Each compost type was fermented for one week,transferred to polyethylene bags,sterilized at 121 ℃ for 2.5 h,inoculated and incubated until the fungal mycelium had fully colonized the bags.Ten bags were packed into a standard container（57 cm×36 cm×18 cm）,cased with peat and incubated until the onset of fruiting.Using this procedure,fresh mushroom yields of 9.0 kg/m2 were achieved with compost consisting of 100 kg cotton seed hulls,10 kg rice hulls,10 kg cow manure,5 kg wheat bran,1 kg CaCO3 and 1 kg CaSO4.These yields are comparable to those obtained using the traditional bed cultivation method.Cadmium levels of 0.42 mg/kg fresh weight were detected in the fruit bodies,which are in accord with national quality standards.