农村股份合作制企业构建及其公司治理法律机制研究——基于天津市宅基地换房实践的视角

A Study on Construction of Rural Shareholding Cooperative Enterprises and Legal Issues of Corporate Governance——From the Perspective of Exchange of Houses with Homesteads in Tianjin

我国一些地区农民以宅基地换房等方式进行农村土地流转尝试,牵涉到生产或生活方式的巨变。其中生产方式的载体按我国现行公司制度肯定不行,如果仍按农民原有的合作社组织恐怕也不行。能否把前两者嫁接起来,探索一种新的符合中国新农村特色的企业形态,这就需要地方或中央立法来探索,对现行企业制度包括治理结构和治理机制进行创新。所以,探索构建一种新型集体经济组织形式即农村股份合作制企业应不失为一种理想的制度选择。在构建农村股份合作制企业制度时,其中企业形态或地位、内外部治理机制、以及相应的风险保护机制等方面应是考虑的重点。在国家统一立法未出台之前,天津可利用国家赋予的先行先试政策,进行农村股份合作制企业的制度创新与试点。

Farmers from some provinces or cities of China try to deal rural lands by means of Exchange of house with homestead, resulting in the changes of Chinese peasants＇current production or lifestyle, which neither does count for the mechanism of Chinese company law system , nor does go with the origi- nal rural cooperative organizations. Could the two forms of enterprise models be combined together to create a new business form in China？ Therefore, exploring and establishing a new form of collective eco- nomic organizations or stock cooperative enterprises in rural areas should be regarded as a good choice of Chinese enterprise system. With constructing of rural shareholding cooperative enterprise, the corporate form or status, internal and external governance mechanisms, and the risk control mechanisms, are the focus which should be considered. Before layout of legislation of central government, Tianjin would better take advantage of the privilege policy given by the State to make regulations or rules governing the inno- vation and experiment of stock cooperative enterprises in Tianjin suburban areas.