英汉语判断词“be”和“是”的语法化对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Grammaticalization Between English Copula "be" and Chinese Copula "shi"

现代英、汉语判断句变元之间的链接——判断词"be"和"是"的判断功能都是语法化而来的,其语法化历程存在异同。二者相异之处为:存在语义抽象化和人类对比认知能力的发展是判断词"be"语法化的机制和动因;古汉语的特殊句法环境和高使用频率是判断词"是"语法化的机制和动因。二者相同之处为:"be"和"是"都是所属语言的唯一标准判断词和判断结构的标志,其语法化根源都与人类存在观有密切关系,体现人类认知发展的共性。

Copula ＂be＂ and ＂shi＂,the connection of the variables of copular sentence in modern English and Chinese,both grammaticalized from content words.The grammaticalization of ＂be＂ and ＂shi＂ share some differences and similarities.Semantic abstracting and analogy are the main mechanism and motivation of the grammaticalization of copula ＂be＂;while special syntactic context and high use frequency are the ultimate mechanism of the grammaticalization.As the unique standard symbol of copula sentences and copular structure,both ＂be＂ and ＂shi＂ have close relation with the existence of human being.