明州工匠援建日本东大寺论考

On Ming Zhou Craftsmen's Help in Building Todaiji in Japan

东大寺初建于奈良时代,平安末期毁于战火。此后在东大寺重建过程中,由于日本工匠无力修复,总负责人重源委任中国铸造师陈和卿为总技师,陈指挥两国匠人采用当时中国先进技术复兴东大寺。1196年,明州工匠伊行末等四人雕造了南大门雌雄二狮。关于中国工匠的身世以及东大寺所用石材,近来备受关注。文章根据相关研究成果,指出:明州工匠为东大寺的重建做出重要贡献;雕刻石狮子所用材料出自于鄞西梅园石。

Todaiji,first built in Nara period,was destroyed in war at the end of the Peace Time.Since Japanese craftsmen were incapable of reconstructing it,Tyougenn,the person in charge,appointed Chen Heqing,a Chinese armorer as the chief technician to instruct the craftsmen from both countries to rebuild Todaiji by advanced Chinese technology at the time.In 1196,Mingzhou craftsman Ying Hangmu and other three workers carved a male lion and a female lion at Nandamon（Great Southern Gate）.Based on relevant research results,this paper points out that Mingzhou craftsmen made great contributions to the reconstruction of Todaiji and that the stones of the two carved lions were from Meiyuan at west Yinzhou.